Search results for "decision."
showing 10 items of 2079 documents
Tema 2. Els processos de creació del Dret internacional. Dret Internacional Public. Curs 2019-2020
2019
Tema 2. Els processos de creació del dret internacional 1. Les fonts formals i altres processos de creació del dret internacional. 2. El costum internacional: concepte, elements i classes. 3. Els principis generals de dret. 4. Els actes unilaterals dels estats, l’aquiescència i l’estoppel. 5. La codificació del dret internacional.
Pasado y futuro en la argumentación jurídica
2011
RESUMEN.Para justificar una decisión u otro tipo de conclusión jurídica han de tomarse en consideración fuentes previas y preexistentes a la propia argumentación (el pasado) y predicciones sobre las consecuencias que produciría uno u otro resultado (el futuro). Ambos focos de atención son reconciliables cuando la mirada hacia el futuro viene exigida por las fuentes del pasado, pero a menudo se suscitan tensiones que han de resolverse con el razonamiento o la decisión. En la argumentación jurídica predomina la mirada al pasado por buenas razones, pero no se debe desconocer la importancia de la preocupación por el futuro en la teoría normativa y en la práctica. El trabajo identifica seis bloq…
Systemic Management of Architectural Decisions in Enterprise Architecture Planning. Four Dimensions and Three Abstraction Levels
2006
This paper presents a process model for the management of architectural decisions in enterprise architecture planning. First, decisions are made at the enterprise level, with strategic business considerations on the enterprise information, systems and technology strategy and governance issues. The next step is to define the domains, to then go on with domain architecture decisions. At the systems level, the enterprise and domain architecture decisions are collected and converted into architecture descriptions accurate in precision, form and detail to be given as input to the information systems development process, following the architectural planning. The model is derived from previous wor…
Hume’s Guillotine Resolved
2020
According to Hume’s guillotine, one cannot derive values from facts. Since intelligent systems are fact processors, one can ask how ethical machines can be possible. However, ethics is a real-life process. People analyze actions and situations emotionally and cognitively. Thus they learn rules, such as “this situation feels good/bad.” The cognitive analysis of actions is associated with emotional analysis. The association of action, emotion and cognition can be termed a primary ethical schema. Through an ethical information process in which emotions and cognitions interact in social discourse, primary ethical schemas are refined into ethical norms. Each component of the process is different…
Connecting the mind and body : using embodied intuition as intelligence
2022
Kriittisten globaalien tapahtumien äärellä joudutaan tekemään merkityksellisiä päätöksiä sekä ratkaisemaan monimutkaisia ongelmia. Nämä kriittiset tilanteet vaativat luovaa älykkyyttä (Harrari 2015, 258–289). Kun tämän yhdistää jatkuvasti nopeutuvaan elämäntyyliin, nousee tarve uudenlaiseen älykkyyteen. Intuitiolla on potentiaalia juuri tähän. Tämän lisäksi, jokainen yksilö on jo synnynnäisesti intuitiivinen (Raami 2020b). Tässä kirjallisuuskatsauksessa tarkastellaan intuitiota kehollisesta näkökulmasta ja kerrotaan, miten keho toimii kanavana tiedostamattoman mielen tiedostamiseen ja siten tiedostamattoman tiedon hyödyntämiseen. Kaikkia ajattelun muotoja ei ole vielä ymmärretty, ja näin ol…
Analysis of leadership dynamics in educational settings during times of external and internal change
2017
Background: The article concerns the tensions that can arise during demanding external, and consequential internal changes and considers how educational leadership is able to respond to them. Leadership is here understood as a collaborative endeavour, producing shared sense-making in situations of tension. Purpose: The main research question was: what kinds of leadership dynamics underlie situations of tension brought about by external and internal change? The sub-question was: what kind of micro-level sense-making processes, argued to be the true source of change, assist in revealing these dynamics? Programme: Educational organisations increasingly face demanding external changes, such as …
Przestępstwa terrorystyczne w polskim prawie karnym
2016
An Ecological Dynamics Approach to Understanding Human-Environment Interactions in the Adventure Sport Context – Implications for Research and …
2022
The last few decades have witnessed a surge of interest in adventure sports, and an emerging research focus on these activities. However, recent conceptual analyses and scientific reviews have highlighted a major, fundamental question that remains unresolved: what constitutes an adventure sport (and are they ‘sports’ at all)? Despite several proposals for definitions, the field still seems to lack a shared conceptualization. This deficit may be a serious limitation for research and practice, restricting the development of a more nuanced theoretical explanation of participation and prac-tical implications within and across adventure sports. In this article we address anot…
The Latent Factors Behind the Urban Travel Behaviour
2014
Abstract This research aims to explore the impact of latent variables, mirroring the users’ preferences, on the individual decision making process regarding the mode of transport. The paper describes the first results of an ongoing research activity, which derives from a pilot study carried out in Palermo. The authors have administered to a sample of travellers a questionnaire and they simulated the mode choice behaviour referring to the random utility theory. Then the transport demand over the entire area of Palermo has been studied in order to design the cordon pricing scenario with the application of an additional cost on private car dedicated to a selected area of the historic centre of…
MODELLING VAGUE KNOWLEDGE FOR DECISION SUPPORT IN PLANNING ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROSPECTIONS
2012
Abstract. Most archaeological predictive models lack significance because fuzziness of data and uncertainty in knowledge about human behaviour and natural processes are hardly ever considered. One possibility to cope with such uncertainties is utilization of probability based approaches like Bayes Theorem or Dempster-Shafer-Theory. We analyzed an area of 50 km2 in Rhineland Palatinate (Germany) near a Celtic oppidum by use of Dempster-Shafer's theory of evidence for predicting spatial probability distribution of archaeological sites. This technique incorporates uncertainty by assigning various weights of evidence to defined variables, in that way estimating the probability for supporting a …