Search results for "decision."

Observing The Decision-Making Process

2016

International audience; In this chapter we ask how knowledge can be acquired about the decision-making processes associated with residential choice. As shown by the results of the many areas of research set out in chapter 2, a great number of factors may influence the decision to move home. Because we are more especially interested in the actual decision-making process, we must consider the mental factors that may condition it.

Determinism, Probability, and Imprecision in Decision Making

2016

International audience; This chapter looks into the decision to move house and the way in which the decision can be formalized by integrating the reflections from the previous chapters. The fact is that the decision-making process is seldom considered in the context of mathematical modelling of residential mobility. The modelling approaches set out in chapter 9 rest essentially on the concept of preferences and investigate the way in which individuals set about classifying criteria or alternatives with respect to residential choice.

Risk stratification at primary care centres in Valencia (Spain) to activate integrated care pathways for elderly patients with chronic conditions

2017

Introduction: The activation of integrated care pathways is not always easy and is time-consuming, so the standardized use of stratification tools (ST) can support health care professionals in decision-making processes. Several ST –developed and validated in the United States– have been implemented in the Valencia Region (Spain) at primary care (PC) centres to identify elders with multimorbidity at risk of suffering future hospital admissions (FHA). In spite of the usefulness of these instruments, it would be recommended to apply STs which have been specifically designed on the basis of the Spanish healthcare system and the characteristics of its population. Thus, the objective of this stud…

Mini-maps aid spatial cognition within virtual worlds: Poster

2021

Mini-maps aid spatial cognition within virtual worlds: Oral presentation

2021

Just transition principles and criteria for food systems and beyond

2022

In this article, we propose a framework of principles and criteria for just transitions in food systems. Climate mitigation activities are urgently needed in food systems, but can have damaging social, environmental, economic, and health impacts. Consequently, food system transitions can cause significant side effects across and beyond food systems, aggravating existing inequalities and unsustainabilities, causing new ones, or hampering equal engagement in the transition itself. Thus, justice questions stand at the core of assessing decarbonization pathways and policies and must link to other sectors as well: Who bears the costs and who enjoys the benefits of the transitions? Can transition…

Self-deception in financial decisions

2019

Samooszukiwanie jest klasyfikowane jako jeden z błędów decyzyjnych, utrudniający podejmowanie racjonalnych decyzji. Efektywność rynku finansowego jest zaś związana z przekonaniem, że uczestnicy rynku zachowują się racjonalnie, tj. maksymalizują swoją użyteczność i są w stanie poprawnie przetwarzać wszystkie napływające informacje. Skoro jednak są dowody na to, że anomalie rynku finansowego się zdarzają, należy uznać, że efektywność rynku jest tylko szczególną sytuacją, w jakiej ten rynek może się znaleźć. W artykule opisano wyniki badania przeprowadzonego w formie eksperymentu, podczas którego testowano hipotezę, iż osoby o wyższym statusie finansowym są bardziej skłonne do podejmowania bar…

Why Use Interactive Multi-Objective Optimization in Chemical Process Design?

2008

Problems in chemical engineering, like most real-world optimization problems, typically, have several conflicting performance criteria or objectives and they often are computationally demanding, which sets special requirements on the optimization methods used. In this chapter, we point out some shortcomings of some widely used basic methods of multi-objective optimization. As an alternative, we suggest using interactive approaches where the role of a decision maker or a designer is emphasized. Interactive multi-objective optimization has been shown to suit well for chemical process design problems because it takes the preferences of the decision maker into account in an iterative manner tha…

Depression and Sequential Decision-Making Revisited

2019

Background: The effect of depression on decision-making is an important but still an unsettled issue. Although most studies have reported that clinically depressed participants show worse performance, there are also studies that have shown no or even positive effects. Specifically, von Helversen et al. (2011) were able to document a positive effect of depression on task performance in a sequential decision-making task called the secretary problem (SP). Here, we (1) aimed to replicate this study in an extended version using more trials and (2) modified it by including an additional condition in which negative feedback was given. Method: Eighty-two participants took part. They were split into…

Cognitive Computing supported Medical Decision Support System for Patient’s Driving Assessment

2018

To smartly utilize a huge and constantly growing volume of data, improve productivity and increase competitiveness in various fields of life; human requires decision making support systems that efficiently process and analyze the data, and, as a result, significantly speed up the process. Similarly to all other areas of human life, healthcare domain also is lacking Artificial Intelligence (AI) based solution. A number of supervised and unsupervised Machine Learning and Data Mining techniques exist to help us to deal with structured data. However, in a real life, we pretty much deal with unstructured data that hides useful knowledge and valuable information inside human-readable plain texts,…