Search results for "demand"
showing 10 items of 759 documents
Le niveau de compétences de base peut-il expliquer le déclassement ou le surclassement sur le marché du travail ?
2013
Documents de travail de l'IREDU, n°2013-3; Cet article porte sur le lien entre le déclassement et le surclassement sur le marché du travail et les compétences de base qu'ont pu acquérir les individus au cours de leurs parcours scolaire et professionnel. En observant une certaine hétérogénéité des compétences de base par niveau de diplôme, nous faisons l'hypothèse que ces différences peuvent expliquer les situations de déclassement ou de surclassement. Nos travaux, à partir des données de l'enquête nationale " Information et Vie Quotidienne " (2004), montrent effectivement que les situations de déclassement (surclassement), pour un même niveau de diplôme, peuvent résulter d'un plus faible (f…
Simulation Assessment of Cognitive Readiness
2013
Simulation-based scenarios are used in different approaches for research on complex problem-solving processes. The micro-world approach in this respect has become well known. Despite its attractiveness, there still are concerns about the validity that can be achieved in measuring cognitive functions by means of this method. The chapter refers to an alternative. Quasi-experimental simulations are applied to indicate the individual’s underlying capacity to function in complex, dynamic scenarios. Typically participants get deeply involved in the defined task, resulting in high motivation. The participants’ responses, within the ongoing events, mirror their performance in real-world tasks which…
Aviation Crew Recovery Experiences on Outstations
2016
Abstract ACMI flight crews spend considerable time away from home on outstations. This study suggests that this long term stay carries its own considerations in regards to rest recovery with practical implications for Fatigue Risk Management as prescribed by ICAO. Four recovery experiences, Work Detachment, Control, Relaxation and Mastery, are identified and correlated with 28 crew behaviours on base. The results indicate improvement considerations for airline management organizing a long term contract with ACMI crews, in particular to increase schedule stability to improve the crew member’s sense of Control.
Implementation of a Management System for Prosumer Energy Storage Scheduling in Smart Grids
2020
Scheduling of energy storage systems of distributed generation is a key element for optimal renewable energy sources (RES) exploitation in smart grids, demand side response strategies implementation and prosumers interaction with Distribution System Operators (DSOs). In this context, this paper presents the implementation of a management system for energy storage scheduling, which allows taking appropriate account of the storage system behavior in real cases. To properly consider the real system operation, the employed battery model is modified, in order to include also the hysteresis phenomena in state of charge estimation in both charging and discharging operation. The validation of the p…
Autonomous Operation of Stationary Battery Energy Storage Systems—Optimal Storage Design and Economic Potential
2021
Global warming requires a changeover from fossil fuel based to renewable energy sources on the electrical supply side and electrification of the demand side. Due to the transient nature of renewables and fluctuating demand, buffer capacities are necessary to compensate for supply/demand imbalances. Battery energy storage systems are promising. However, the initial costs are high. Repurposing electric vehicle batteries can reduce initial costs. Further, storage design optimization could significantly improve costs. Therefore, a battery control algorithm was developed, and a simulation study was performed to identify the optimal storage design and its economic potential. The algorithm used is…
Techno-economic evaluation of PV based institutional smart micro-grid under energy pricing dynamics
2020
Abstract The solar photovoltaic (PV) system with battery energy storage have a lot of potential to provide reliable and cost-effective electricity and to contribute in micro-grid operation. However, the operational performance of such type of micro-grid system depends on many factors (e.g. techno-economic sizing, energy management among the sources, market energy prices dynamics, energy dispatch strategies, etc.). In this paper, a typical Indian institutional energy system has considered for techno-economic performance evaluation for operating as a smart micro-grid under market energy pricing dynamics. The institutional energy system has integrated PV, battery storage and DG for operating a…
Battery capacity estimation for building-integrated photovoltaic system: Design study of a Southern Norway ZEB house
2017
Building-integrated Photovoltaic system (BIPV) with energy storage (ES) can help in reducing the peak demand as well as overcoming the intermittency of the load and PV production. In Southern Norway, a Smart Village Skarpnes is developed for zero energy buildings (ZEBs). In this Smart Village, five houses are built with BIPV system. Its important to estimate the appropriate battery sizing with consideration of local PV production and load profile taking into account the battery characteristics with minimization of the annual electricity bill. In this study, real operational results of house (C6) from the Skarpnes Smart Village is used for estimating the capacity of battery energy storage fo…
Battery Capacity Estimation for Building Integrated Photovoltaic System: Design Study for Different Geographical Location(s)
2017
Abstract Building Integrated Photovoltaic system (BIPV) with energy storage (ES) can help in reducing the peak demand, improving the power quality and control dispatching of the power. Adding a proper size of battery ES to the grid-connected PV system could reduce the overall investment cost as well as reducing the grid-dependency. A typical battery energy storage capacity is going to be determined by considering the real-time operational (PV production as well as load consumption) data. In this study, real-time operational data of a residential load (C6 house) with BIPV system located Southern Norway as well as institutional load (Teri university) with BIPV located in New Delhi, India are …
Biological nitrogen removal from landfill leachate: a pilot-scale study
1999
A pilot-scale two-stage process including an anaerobic pretreatment (up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket, UASB) unit and a pre-denitrification activated sludge process was studied for treating leachates from a municipal landfill (waste aged 4 to 5 years, area 2.5 ha) and from a windrow composting area (1ha). A single-stage pilot process was used for nitrification studies. The leachate characteristics were as follows: COD 740 to 2400 mg 1-1 (chemical oxygen demand), BOD7 (biochemical oxygen demand) approximately 1000 mg 1 -1, Ntot 40 to 120 mg 1-1 and the temperature was between 2 and 21°C. The results show that 45 to 50% COD removal could be achieved in the UASB reactor even at temperatures b…
Anaerobic and sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatments of municipal landfill leachate at low temperatures
1996
Abstract Anaerobic treatment of municipal landfill leachate (COD 1–4 g l −1 , NH 4 -N c. 0.16 g l −1 ) was studied at 11 and 24°C by using laboratory-scale UASB and hybrid reactors. Aerobic post-treatment of the anaerobically treated leachate was also studied at 24°C using an activated-sludge process. In the 11°C reactors, a COD removal of up to 60–65% was obtained with 1.5-2 day HRT and 0.7-1.5 kg COD m −3 day −1 organic loading rates. At 24°C, a COD removal of up to 75% was achieved with a 10 h HRT. The highest organic loading rate applied was 10 kg COD m −3 day −1 at 24°C. Inorganic material accumulated in the reactor sludges at both temperatures. However, the specific methanogenic activ…