Search results for "demographic"
showing 10 items of 603 documents
Morphological patterns of circumpulpal dentin affected by radiation-related caries
2020
Background The aim of this work was to evaluate the microscopic characteristics through polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and the mineral content of circumpulpal dentin of irradiated (IT) and non-irradiated teeth (NIT), with deep caries that reached the root canal. Material and methods A total of 25 IT were analyzed macroscopically, and radiographed. 5 NIT were used as controls. Two 100-μm-thick sections, per specimen, were evaluated in a polarized light microscopy and a scanning electron microscope. Demographics and clinical data were collected. Results The results did not demonstrate distinct morphology of the IT compared with NIT. Mineral content values by weight p…
How do university systems' features affect academic inbreeding?: Career rules and language requirements in France, Germany, Italy and Spain
2022
Studies on academic inbreeding have mostly focused on institutional inbreeding and its negative effects, whereas little research has explored its causes. We identify current explanations of the macro‐, meso‐ and micro‐level factors that sustain academic inbreeding as well as research gaps. We address a main research gap regarding what macro‐level factors contribute to academic inbreeding, by analysing systems’ norms and rules regulating access to senior academic positions and teaching language requirements in France, Germany, Italy and Spain, the largest public university systems of the European Union. The analysis reveals that career rules designed to guarantee quality may have unintended …
Family Carers’ Expectations and Strategies in Shaping Live-in Migrant Carer Arrangements: A Comparison Between Germany and the Netherlands
2021
Item does not contain fulltext This chapter analyzes different old-age care regimes with regard to the expectations family carers have vis-á-vis live-in migrant carer arrangements and the strategies they develop to shape them. It compares data from interviews with family carers in Germany and the Netherlands. While Germany’s old-age care regime places a high responsibility and financial burden on the family, the Netherlands provides a broad range of publicly funded health and social care services. The analysis reveals both differences and similarities between family carers in both countries. It shows that family carers in Germany rather favor family-like arrangements, whereas family carers …
The Impact of Population Ageing and Social Stratification: The Case of Latvia
2019
Population ageing and social stratification is widely assumed to have detrimental effects on the economy yet there is little empirical evidence about the magnitude of its effects. The aim of this article is to investigate the relationships between population ageing and social stratification and the state of economy of a small and post-transition economy. We are looking for these relationships and their strength of influence; at what time after shocking these variables reach their original levels. We apply standard Granger (non-) causality tests, VAR (Vector Auto-Regressive), IRF (Impulse Response Function) and the prediction error variance analysis by using quarterly data from 2000 to 2018.…
Demographic determinants of the power of the state
2019
DEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTS OF THE POWER OF THE STATEConnections between demographic conditions of the state and its power have become a reason for the author’s attempt to identify key power-building factors featuring demographic nature. For this purpose, a statistical analysis based on data from selected European countries such as Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Germany and Romania was carried out. The outcome of the research allowed the author to obtain six groups of explanatory variables for the model of assessing the power of the state in the demographic area.
Trends and cycles in U.S. job mobility
2021
Recent studies document a decline in U.S. labor-market fluidity from as early as the 1970s on. Making use of the Annual Social and Economic (ASEC) supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS), I uncover a pronounced increase in job-to-job mobility from the 1970s to the 1990s, i.e., the annual share of continuously employed job-to-job movers rises from 5.9 percent of the labor force in 1975–1979 to 8.8 percent in 1995–1999. Job-to-job mobility exhibits a downward trend only since the turn of the millennium. In order to provide a formal economic interpretation, I additionally estimate the parameters of the random on-the-job search model. Furthermore, I document that job-to-job mobility h…
Skills, Job Mobility and Productive Efficiency
2017
Making use of a survey that directly assesses the participants’ cognitive skills, I study the relation between skills and job mobility in a large international comparison of 32 countries. Motivated by the canonical on-the-job search model, I measure job mobility by the ratio of the job-finding rate on the job to the transition rate into unemployment. A higher ratio of these rates induces, ceteris paribus, first-order stochastic dominance in the distribution of workers over jobs, indicating a more efficient allocation of resources across firms. On average across the 32 countries, a one-standard-deviation increase in numeracy skills is estimated to double the ratio of the job-finding rate on …
The effects of an education-leave program on educational attainment and labor-market outcomes
2021
Abstract I study the effect of an education leave subsidy for the employed on labor-market outcomes and educational attainment using Finnish administrative linked employer-employee panel data and matching methods. The adult education allowance is available to employees with at least eight years of work experience and allows them to take a leave for 2–18 months to participate in an education program while being compensated for a substantial part of their forgone earnings. I find large positive treatment effects on educational attainment and changing occupation. The treatment effects on earnings and employment are negative during the lock-in period and close to zero afterward. Treatment effec…
Ejercicio físico regular y variables cognitivas y emocionales en mujeres
2014
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer el efecto del tiempo de práctica de ejercicio físico y las horas semanales de práctica sobre algunos aspectos cognitivos, emocionales y antropométricos (peso). 250 mujeres (edad media= 49.08 años) completaron cuestionarios de salud psicológica y datos sociodemográficos. Los análisis estadísticos mostraron que las horas semanales de práctica predicen parte de la varianza del peso, estabilidad emocional, autoconcepto y autoestima. Por otro lado, el tiempo de práctica (meses) predice significativamente las variables control cognitivo, estabilidad emocional, autoconcepto y autoestima. Los resultados obtenidos apoyan el hecho de que la actividad física fav…
E-bikes—good for public health?
2020
Abstract It is well established that physical activity (PA) is health enhancing, and that active travel can increase total PA. The e-bike demands lower levels of intensity for the same pace and distance as a conventional bicycle, due to the assistance of the electrical motor. Still, the e-bike provides PA of at least moderate intensity, for both inactive and active individuals. The net volume of PA from starting to use an e-bike depends almost entirely on the transport mode it replaces, and the changes in travel patterns and other PAs. Overall, people tend to ride longer and more often when they switch from a CB to an e-bike. The impact of psychological health arising from riding an e-bike …