Search results for "demographic"
showing 10 items of 603 documents
Equal access to the top? Measuring selection into finnish academia
2019
In this article, we draw a parallel between equality of opportunity in educational transitions and equality of opportunity in academic careers. In both cases, many methodological problems can be ameliorated by the use of longitudinal rather than cross-sectional data. We illustrate this point by using Finnish full-population register data to follow the educational and academic careers of the 1964–1966 birth cohorts from birth to the present day. We show how the Finnish professoriate is highly selected both in terms of parental background and in terms of gender. Individuals of different backgrounds differ greatly in the likelihood of completing different educational and academic transitions, …
Family Firm Heterogeneity and Tax Aggressiveness: A Quasi-Experimental Analysis of the Impact of Different Family Generations
2021
This paper analyses tax aggressiveness in family firm generations. Moreover, taking into account the heterogeneity in family firms, we check whether the successive generations in control show different tax avoidance behaviour. The empirical evidence, based on the quasi-experiment of the 2012 Spanish thin capitalization rule, reveals that there is a positive relationship between tax aggressiveness and successive generations. Moreover, the founder and second generations follow a similar conservative tax avoidance approach, whereas the third and fourth generations are found to be more tax aggressive.
The Crisis on the Labor Market in Romania
2007
In the last 17 years the labor market in Romania has suffered deep changes. We can found two distinct stages regarding the evolutions on the labor market in Romania after 1989. The first stage, which includes the period 1990 – 2003, is defined as a period of deep restructurations of the Romanian economy. It is characterized as a period of relatively high unemployment and the undertaken actions were directed mainly at limiting the unemployment and its harmful effects on the society. We consider that after 2005 the employment evolution heads towards a new crisis on the labor market, but its cause is not a high unemployment, but rather an offer dropping on the labor market. The causes and the …
From South to North? Mobility of Southern Italian Students at the Transition from the First to the Second Level University Degree
2018
In the last decades, the Italian University System has encountered several structural reforms aimed at making it more internationally competitive. Among them, the introduction of the University financial autonomy has triggered an “internal” competition among Universities to attract students from the entire country. Students’ enrollment at the first level has decreased significantly especially after the economic crisis of 2008, while the students’ migration from the South to the Central and Northern regions of the country has increased. These phenomena have created further inequalities within the country and a cultural and socio-economic loss for the South that does not appear to slow down. …
Changes in food habits amongst Norwegian adolescents in 2016 and 2019 according to gender and socioeconomic status
2021
Background: Monitoring dietary habits is important in order to identify risk groups and as a basis for targeted public health initiatives. Objective: To study trends in consumption of selected foods and beverages from 2016 to 2019 amongst Norwegian adolescents according to gender and parental education. Design: Repeated cross-sectional study amongst 25,996 adolescents, aged 14–17 years old. Consumption of selected food and beverages was measured by an online food frequency questionnaire and general linear models were applied to estimate changes in dietary habits. Results: Between 2016 and 2019, we observed a reduced frequency of consumption of vegetables (from 4.7 to 4.4 times/week), fruit …
Understanding prevention measures and tourist behavior in Croatia during the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed-method approach
2022
This study investigates the adoption of prevention measures in Croatia during the COVID-19 pandemic and its relationship with tourist behavior. The research adopts a mixed-method approach as it examines both practitioners’ and tourists’ viewpoints. A qualitative study was conducted with eight destination service providers, while the quantitative study took place among 333 international tourists during their stay in the country. Results from the qualitative study show that the most frequently employed prevention measures are cleaning and disinfection of customer-use spaces, the use of hand sanitizers, mandatory face masks for employees and guests, and social distancing. Tourism service provi…
Transnational ties: Resource or stressor on Peruvian migrants' well‐being?
2020
This paper explores the role of types and the intensity of transnational ties for migrants' well‐being from a global perspective. Based on a literature review, two competing hypotheses are formulated—transnational resources versus transnational stress—according to which transnational ties have either a positive or a negative effect on migrants' well‐being. Drawing on data from a large‐scale survey of Peruvian migrants worldwide, this paper examines the strength and direction of the relationship between Peruvian migrants' transnational ties and poor well‐being, the latter measured as depression/loneliness as a principal concern. While the multivariate regression results do not support the tr…
Alternative measures of body composition and wage premium: New evidence from Indonesia
2019
This paper examines the relationship between body composition and earnings in a developing country setting. We use body mass index, waist circumference and hip circumference. Exploiting the panel structure of our longitudinal survey, we find that along with BMI, waist circumference is related to higher earnings in Indonesia. peerReviewed
Is personality related to permanent earnings? Evidence using a twin design
2018
Using twin survey combined with register-based panel data on labor market outcomes, the authors examine the association between personality characteristics and long-term earnings among prime working-age individuals. The long-term earnings were measured over the 1990–2008 period. The sample contains 4,642 twin pairs, of which 53% are females. In contrast to previous studies, this paper uses the within-twin dimension of the data to control for shared family background and confounding genetic factors. The results suggest that unobserved genetic differences may introduce omitted variable bias in standard ordinary least square results. After controlling for shared environment and genetic backgro…
The Effects of Consumer Demographics and Payment Method Preference on Product Return Frequency and Reasons in Online Shopping
2021
In online shopping, product returns are very common. In order to reduce them, one must first understand who are making them and why are they being made. In this study, we aim to address these questions by examining product return behaviour from a consumer-centric rather than the more traditional product-centric, retailer-centric, and order-centric perspectives. More specifically, we focus on the effects of four demographic characteristics of consumers (i.e., gender, age, education, and income) as well as their payment method preference on their product return frequency and product return reasons. As the data, we use the responses from 560 Finnish online consumers, which were collected with …