Search results for "depletion"

Band unpinning and photovoltaic model for P3HT:PCBM organic bulk heterojunctions under illumination

2008

Capacitance analysis of P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cells, in dark and under illumination, shows a linear Mott-Schottky characteristic at moderate reverse bias, indicating p-doping of the organic blend. The flatband potential under illumination is displaced negatively about 0.6 V with respect to dark conditions. A basic photovoltaic model is developed to explain this, in terms of electron transfer via surface states at the metal/organic interface. Surface states with a slow exchange kinetics, become charged under illumination, unpinning the band and decreasing the depletion layer at the electron extraction contact. This becomes a major factor limiting the performance of bulk heteroj…

Mental fatigue induced by prolonged self-regulation does not exacerbate central fatigue during subsequent whole-body endurance exercise

2015

International audience; It has been shown that the mental fatigue induced by prolonged self-regulation increases perception of effort and reduces performance during subsequent endurance exercise. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying these negative effects of mental fatigue are unclear. The primary aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that mental fatigue exacerbates central fatigue induced by whole-body endurance exercise. Twelve subjects performed 30 min of either an incongruent Stroop task to induce a condition of mental fatigue or a congruent Stroop task (control condition) in a random and counterbalanced order. Both cognitive tasks (CTs) were followed by a whole-body …

Being mindful at work and at home

2020

Although previous research on mindfulness predominantly focused on benefits of mindfulness, this study investigates quantitative and emotional demands as contextual antecedents of mindful awareness and acceptance both in the work and home domains. In addition, we examine goal attainment and satisfaction in the work and home domains as consequences of mindful awareness and acceptance. Results of a diary study across 5 workdays with 2 daily measurement occasions among 233 employees revealed that both in the work and home domains, quantitative demands were positively associated with awareness, but not with acceptance, whereas emotional demands were positively associated with acceptance, but no…

The primary volcanic aerosol emission from Mt Etna: Size-resolved particles with SO2 and role in plume reactive halogen chemistry

2018

International audience; Volcanoes are an important source of aerosols to the troposphere. Within minutes after emission, volcanic plume aerosol catalyses conversion of co-emitted HBr, HCl into highly reactive halogens (e.g. BrO, OClO) through chemical cycles that cause substantial ozone depletion in the dispersing downwind plume.This study quantifies the sub-to-supramicron primary volcanic aerosol emission (0.2-5 μm diameter) and its role in this process. An in-situ ground-based study at Mt Etna (Italy) during passive degassing co-deployed an optical particle counter and Multi-Gas SO2 sensors at high time resolution (0.1 Hz) enabling to characterize the aerosol number, size-distribution and…

Understanding the Role of T Cells in CNS Homeostasis.

2015

T cells within the central nervous system (CNS) have been generally considered pathogenic, especially in the context of neuroinflammatory disease. However, recent findings have revealed varied functions for T cells in the healthy CNS, as well as more complex roles for these cells in infection and injury than previously appreciated. Here we review evidence indicating important roles for different T cell subsets in the maintenance of CNS homeostasis. We examine the contribution of T cells in limiting inflammation and damage upon CNS injury, infection, and in neurodegeneration, and discuss the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. Insight into these processes…

Transfer of minimally manipulated CMV-specific T cells from stem cell or third-party donors to treat CMV infection after allo-HSCT.

2017

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common, potentially life-threatening complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We assessed prospectively the safety and efficacy of stem cell-donor-or third-party-donor-derived CMV-specific T cells for the treatment of persistent CMV infections after allo-HSCT in a phase I/IIa trial. Allo-HSCT patients with drugrefractory CMV infection and lacking virus-specific T cells were treated with a single dose of ex vivo major histocompatibility complex-Streptamer-isolated CMV epitope-specific donor T cells. Forty-four allo-HSCT patients receiving a T-cell-replete (D+ repl; n = 28) or T-cell-depleted (D+ depl; n = 16) …

Selective Depletion of Alloreactive T Lymphocytes Using Patient-Derived Nonhematopoietic Stimulator Cells in Allograft Engineering

2008

Background. Selective depletion of alloreactive T cells in vitro results in efficient graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis in allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, but it is accompanied by increased recurrence of leukemia. To spare donor T-cell-mediated graft-versus-leukemia immunity against hematopoiesis-restricted minor histocompatibility (minor-H) antigens, we explored the use of patient-derived nonhematopoietic antigen-presenting cells (APC) as allogeneic stimulators for selective allodepletion in leukemia-reactive donor T-cell lines. Methods. Primary keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and bone marrow fibroblasts were generated from skin biopsies and diagnostic bone marro…

2020

There is an active debate regarding whether the ego depletion effect is real. A recent preregistered experiment with the Stroop task as the depleting task and the antisaccade task as the outcome task found a medium-level effect size. In the current research, we conducted a preregistered multilab replication of that experiment. Data from 12 labs across the globe ( N = 1,775) revealed a small and significant ego depletion effect, d = 0.10. After excluding participants who might have responded randomly during the outcome task, the effect size increased to d = 0.16. By adding an informative, unbiased data point to the literature, our findings contribute to clarifying the existence, size, and g…

The Guilty Couch Potato: The Role of Ego Depletion in Reducing Recovery Through Media Use

2014

This article addresses ego depletion as a mechanism influencing media-based stress recovery processes. Using structural equation modeling, relationships between ego depletion, procrastination, guilt, enjoyment, vitality, and recovery experience were tested using data from an online survey (N = 471). Results suggest that ego depletion may increase the risk of negatively appraising the use of interactive (video games) and noninteractive (television) entertaining media as a form of procrastination. The resulting guilt is negatively related to the recovery experience associated with using entertainment. Therefore, ego-depleted individuals may benefit less from the psychological recovery potenti…

How Realistically Does Outdoor UV-B Supplementation with Lamps Reflect Ozone Depletion: An Assessment of Enhancement Errors

2010

Limitations in the realism of currently available lamps mean that enhancement errors in outdoor experiments simulating UV-B radiation effects of stratospheric ozone depletion can be large. Here, we assess the magnitude of such errors at two Finnish locations, during May and June, under three cloud conditions. First we simulated solar radiation spectra for normal, compared with 10% and 20% ozone depletion, and convoluted the daily integrated solar spectra with eight biological spectral weighting functions (BSWFs) of relevance to effects of UV on plants. We also convoluted a measured spectrum from cellulose-acetate filtered UV-B lamps with the same eight BSWFs. From these intermediate results…