Search results for "depressive disorder"
showing 10 items of 445 documents
Lifetime cocaine use is a potential predictor for conversion from major depressive disorder to bipolar disorder: A prospective study.
2020
Aim We aimed to identify whether lifetime cocaine use is a risk factor for conversion from major depressive disorder (MDD) to bipolar disorder (BD) in an outpatient sample of adults. Methods This prospective cohort study included 585 subjects aged 18 to 60 years who had been diagnosed with MDD as assessed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-Plus) at baseline (2012-2015). Subjects were reassessed a mean of 3 years later (2017-2018) for potential conversion to BD as assessed by the MINI-Plus. Lifetime cocaine use was assessed using the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Results In the second wave, we had 117 (20%) losses, and 468 patients were r…
Recurrent brief depression in general practice. Clinical features, comorbidity with other disorders, and need for treatment.
1994
This study tested the clinical validity of the new diagnostic entity "recurrent brief depression" (RBD) in 300 general practice patients who participated in the WHO study on "Psychological Problems in Primary Care." Patients with current RBD reported of episodes major depression more often than did a comparison group of nondepressed general practice patients: however, the majority of RBD patients had not received a diagnostic of any well-established affective disorder during the last 12 months. RBD patients (without MDE) did not suffer more frequently from dysthymia, from nonaffective psychiatric disorders, or from somatic disorders. However, RBD was associated with a higher percentage of p…
Opposite effects of suicidality and lithium on gray matter volumes in bipolar depression
2011
Background: Mood disorders are associated with the highest increase of attempted and completed suicide. Suicidality in major depressive disorder and in schizophrenia has been associated with reduced gray matter volumes in orbitofrontal cortex. Lithium reduces the suicide risk of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) to the same levels of the general population, and can increase GM volumes. We studied the effect of a positive history of attempted suicide and ongoing lithium treatment on regional GM volumes of patients affected by bipolar depression. Methods: With a correlational design, we studied 57 currently depressed inpatients with bipolar disorder: 19 with and 38 without a positive histor…
Clinical factors leading to lamotrigine prescription in bipolar outpatients: Subanalysis of the SIN-DEPRES study
2012
Abstract Background The use of lamotrigine is a point of discrepancy among the diverse guidelines published on the management of bipolar disorder (BD). Evidence supporting the long-term efficacy is reasonably robust. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of lamotrigine in acute treatment is vigorously debated and it is unclear how this drug is used in routine clinical practice. This subanalysis of the SIN-DEPRES study was designed to understand the clinical profile of bipolar patients receiving lamotrigine. Methods In this prospective national multicenter study, 652 patients with clinically stable bipolar I and II disorder were recruited. Clinical assessments included sociodemographic and clinical…
Clinical responses to antidepressants among 1036 acutely depressed patients with bipolar or unipolar major affective disorders.
2012
Whether responses to antidepressants differ in bipolar and unipolar depression remains unresolved.We analyzed patient characteristics and outcomes of antidepressant treatment of 1036 depressed patients with bipolar-I or bipolar-II disorder, or unipolar major depression, using bivariate and multivariate methods and survival analysis, testing the hypothesis that responses would be superior in unipolar depression.Antidepressants were given to 84.8% (878/1036) of depressed patients: 58.9% of 93 bipolar-I, 80.1% of 117 bipolar-II, and 91.3% of 668 unipolar disorder cases. The 158 not given antidepressants had more manias/year, spent more months in mania and depression, and were far more likely t…
Predominant polarity and temperament in bipolar and unipolar affective disorders.
2009
Abstract Introduction Recently, the concept of predominant polarity (two-thirds of episodes belonging to a single pole of the illness) has been introduced to further characterise subtypes of bipolar disorders. This concept has been proven to have diagnostic and therapeutic implications, but little is known on the underlying psychopathology and temperaments. With this study, we aimed to further validate the concept and explore its relationships with temperament. Methods This study enrolled 143 patients with bipolar or unipolar disorder. We analysed predominant polarity in the sample of bipolar I patients (N = 124), focussing on those who showed a clear predominance for one or the other polar…
Personality traits in subjects at risk for unipolar major depression: A family study perspective
1992
Particular patterns of personality (e.g., introversion, neuroticism, obsessionality) have been found to be associated with unipolar depression by a large number of investigators; recent prospective studies have stressed neuroticism as a premorbid risk factor for depression. This study examines whether similar patterns of personality are found in relatives of affective disorder patients and of controls. First-degree relatives of normal controls and of subjects with primary unipolar depression were studied using the Munich Personality Test. Relatives in remission from an episode of unipolar depression had clearly higher levels of neuroticism and rigidity and lower levels of extraversion than …
The reliability of the SADS-LA in a family study setting
1991
The joint-rater and test-retest reliability study of two translated versions of the SADS-LA (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia--Lifetime version--modified for the study of anxiety disorders), one in French and the other in German, have been tested in family study settings, in a sample of patients and first-degree relatives. The test-retest reliability study demonstrated that identification of major affective disorders and schizophrenia was performed with sufficient reliability; however, diagnoses of subtypes of major disorders (e.g. bipolar II disorder) and identification of minor disorders was less reliable. The implications of these findings in phenotype identification du…
Morbid risks for major disorders and frequencies of personality disorders among spouses of psychiatric inpatients and controls
1993
Three hundred fifty-three psychiatric inpatients and their 192 living spouses and 98 control subjects and their 54 living spouses were examined and interviewed for affective, schizoaffective, schizophrenic (Research Diagnostic Criteria [RDC]), and personality disorders (DSM-III-R) using the Lifetime Version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS-L) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-Personality Disorders (SCID). The morbid risks of spouses for unipolar depression were between .15 and .25, and those for other major disorders were below .03. The morbid risks of spouses of bipolar patients for unipolar depression exceeded those of other spouses by 50% wi…
[123I]IBZM SPECT in patients treated with typical and atypical neuroleptics: relationship to drug plasma levels and extrapyramidal side effects
1997
[123I]Iodobenzamide (IBZM) is an iodine-labeled dopamine receptor ligand and can be used to visualize brain D2 receptors in humans with single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). The ratio of striatal IBZM uptake to uptake in frontal cortex (ST/FC ratio) represents a semiquantitative measure of D2 receptor binding in the striatum. Our study sample included six patients treated with haloperidol (3.0-8.0 mg/day orally; one patient with an average of 0.9 mg/day intramuscularly), five patients with benperidol (9.0-15.0 mg/day orally) and nine patients treated with clozapine (200.0-600.0 mg/day orally). Typical neuroleptics (TNs) and atypical neuroleptics (ANs) were significantly di…