Search results for "developed country"
showing 10 items of 104 documents
From inequitable to sustainable e-waste processing for reduction of impact on human health and the environment
2021
Recycling of electric and electronic waste products (e-waste) which amounted to more than 50 million metric tonnes per year worldwide is a massive and global operation. Unfortunately, an estimated 70 & ndash;80% of this waste has not been properly managed because the waste went from developed to low-income countries to be dumped into landfills or informally recycled. Such recycling has been carried out either directly on landfill sites or in small, often family-run recycling shops without much regulations or oversights. The process traditionally involved manual dismantling, cleaning with hazardous solvents, burning and melting on open fires, etc., which would generate a variety of toxic sub…
Investigating quality indicators of early childhood education programs in Kosovo, Ukraine and Finland
2020
The existing literature on early childhood education (ECE) quality is predominantly from the US or other developed countries. In low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), systematic research on ECE ...
Modern health worries: A systematic review.
2019
Modern health worries (MHWs) refer to people's concerns about possible harmful effects of modern technologies, and are widespread in the developed countries. The aim of the present work was to provide comprehensive, yet integrated understanding for MHWs and associated factors.Following the PRISMA guideline, a systematic review was conducted based on 48 empirical articles published between 2001 and 2018 (Prospero registration number: CRD42018103756). All empirical studies were included that (1) were published between 2001 and 2018 in peer-reviewed scientific journals in English, German, or Hungarian, (2) used the Modern Health Worries Scale or any of its sub-scales, and (3) assessed associat…
Digital divide in Europe: assessing and comparing the e-readiness of a developed and an emerging economy in the Nordic region
2005
This paper discusses the digital divide in the Nordic region of Europe by comparing the e-readiness of Norway and Estonia. The e-readiness of both countries is above the average score; Norway, however, is better than Estonia. In general, e-readiness was used solely to quantify any divide for both countries.
Unmet needs and challenges in gastric cancer: The way forward
2014
AbstractAlthough the incidence of gastric cancer has fallen steadily in developed countries over the past 50years, outcomes in Western countries remain poor, primarily due to the advanced stage of the disease at presentation. While earlier diagnosis would help to improve outcomes for patients with gastric cancer, better understanding of the biology of the disease is also needed, along with advances in therapy. Indeed, progress in the treatment of gastric cancer has been limited, mainly because of its genetic complexity and heterogeneity. As a result, there is an urgent need to apply precision medicine to the management of the disease in order to ensure that individuals receive the most appr…
Using text messages to bridge the intention-behavior gap? A pilot study on the use of text message reminders to increase objectively assessed physica…
2012
Sedentarism is a serious health concern in industrialized countries throughout the world. We examined whether a text message-based intervention, targeted at increasing daily levels of physical activity, would be more effective than a standard psychoeducational intervention and a control condition. Sixty-three individuals (43 women) with a mean age of 23.7 years participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to a psychoeducational standard intervention; an augmented intervention with additional short text messages sent to the mobile phones to remind participants of their action plans, and a control condition. Objectively assessed physical activity and self-efficacy were assessed pre-…
Crowdfunding Prospects in New Emerging Markets: The Cases of India and Bangladesh
2020
AbstractCrowdfunding is a viable approach to financing start-ups and supporting social causes in advanced economies. The World Bank estimates a vast potential for crowdfunding also in emerging markets. The South Asia region consists of predominantly collectivist societies where helping others through donations is an integral part of prevailing religious obligations and societal norms. Thus, these countries share certain cultural and religious traits that are highly consistent with the principles of crowdfunding. In the current chapter, we explore the history, ongoing activity, and future prospects of crowdfunding in new emerging markets, specifically, India and Bangladesh. We observe that I…
Temporal evolution of some mortality indicators: Application to Spanish data
2012
[EN] In Spain, as in other developed countries, significant changes in mortality patterns have occurred during the 20th and 21st centuries. One reflection of these changes is life expectancy, which has improved in this period, although the robustness of this indicator prevents these changes from being of the same order as those for the probability of death. If, moreover, we bear in mind that life expectancy offers no information as to whether this improvement is the same for different age groups, it is important and necessary to turn to other mortality indicators whose past and future evolution in Spain we are going to study. These indicators are applied to Spanish mortality data for the pe…
The Effects of Labor and Product Market Reforms: The Role of Macroeconomic Conditions and Policies
2018
The paper estimates the dynamic macroeconomic effects of labor and product market reforms on output, employment and productivity, and explores how these vary with prevailing macroeconomic conditions and policies. We apply a local projection method to a new dataset of major country- and country-sector-level reform shocks in various areas of labor market institutions and product market regulation covering 26 advanced economies over the past four decades. Product market reforms are found to raise productivity and output, but gains materialize only slowly. The impact of labor market reforms is primarily on employment, but it varies across types of reforms and depends on overall business cycle c…
Information systems security issues in the context of developing countries
2018
This chapter explores the current state of information systems security (ISS) in developing countries and suggests a way forward. A systematic literature review is conducted applying the approach suggested in reference [1]. In total, 41 articles were evaluated, 17 of which were analysed as part of the review. The review shows that the proliferation of technology in developing countries is increasing; however, ISS risk is also increasing in tandem. The reasons are lack of robust infrastructure, security education and skilled manpower. The review also revealed that while most of the technologies created are for the organizations in the developed world, developing countries are blindly impleme…