Search results for "development"

Evolutionary advantage conferred by an eukaryote-to-eukaryote gene transfer event in wine yeasts

2015

Although an increasing number of horizontal gene transfers have been reported in eukaryotes, experimental evidence for their adaptive value is lacking. Here, we report the recent transfer of a 158-kb genomic region between Torulaspora microellipsoides and Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeasts or closely related strains. This genomic region has undergone several rearrangements in S. cerevisiae strains, including gene loss and gene conversion between two tandemly duplicated FOT genes encoding oligopeptide transporters. We show that FOT genes confer a strong competitive advantage during grape must fermentation by increasing the number and diversity of oligopeptides that yeast can utilize as a s…

Konfigurowanie granic gatunkowych a problem polityczności. Przypadek posthumanizmu i transhumanizmu

2017

Przedmiotem artykułu są teoriopolityczne rozważania na temat posthumanizmu. Jest to podejście, które zrywa z humanistycznym dogmatem, że człowiek jest bytem najważniejszym w rzeczywistości. Zamiast tego posthumanizm dowartościowuje byty pozaludzkie (naturalne, sztuczne, rzeczy), z którymi ludzie wchodzą w rozmaite interakcje. Autor uznał, że problematyka posthumanistyczna może być rozpatrywana w perspektywie biopolityki, która zajmuje się relacjami między polityką a życiem. Jednakże w odróżnieniu od wcześniejszych ujęć wiążących biopolitykę z kontrolą populacji posthumanizm stawia na szali żywotność gatunkową. W artykule przedstawiono konsekwencje takiego myślenia dla problemu polityczności…

Use of translational genomics to identify genes important for legume seed filling

2013

International audience; Translational genomics, i.e., the transfer of genetic information from model species to cultivated crops, is on the brink of revolutionizing plant breeding. The recent publication of genomic sequences for several cultivated legumes is also accelerating this process. For pea, recent highthroughput RNA sequencing, and the prospect of a genome sequencing project, will further accelerate the transfer of information from the Medicago truncatula model to the cultivated crop. We have been using genomics approaches with Medicago as a tool to identify key genes determining seed yield and composition in closely related legumes. Analyses of the proteome and transcriptome of the…

Asymmetric effects of monetary policy shocks across US states

2019

This paper provides new empirical evidence of the asymmetric effects of monetary policy shocks across regions. Using a measure of unanticipated changes in the Fed's policy rates over the period 1969Q3–2008Q4 and a local projection method extended to account for spatial effects, we find that monetary policy tightening leads to a long-lasting decrease in states' real personal income, with asymmetric effects across states that are amplified by spatial spillovers. The paper then investigates the role played by several transmission channels finding larger contractionary effects of monetary policy tightening in states with higher manufacturing share, smaller firms, smaller banks and higher house …

Transnational ties: Resource or stressor on Peruvian migrants' well‐being?

2020

This paper explores the role of types and the intensity of transnational ties for migrants' well‐being from a global perspective. Based on a literature review, two competing hypotheses are formulated—transnational resources versus transnational stress—according to which transnational ties have either a positive or a negative effect on migrants' well‐being. Drawing on data from a large‐scale survey of Peruvian migrants worldwide, this paper examines the strength and direction of the relationship between Peruvian migrants' transnational ties and poor well‐being, the latter measured as depression/loneliness as a principal concern. While the multivariate regression results do not support the tr…

To vote or not to vote? Migrant electoral (dis)engagement in an enlarged Europe

2021

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. External voting by nonresident citizens has become an important feature of contemporary democratic politics. However, compared to the average voter in domestic elections, we still know significantly less about migrants’ motivations to vote or not. Whereas analyses of external voting patterns offer insights into the results of external voting compared to origin populations, there is a lacuna of knowledge about why migran…

Somali diaspora in Finland : assistance of the country of origin

2005

“This is Just a Prototype” : How Ethics Are Ignored in Software Startup-Like Environments

2020

Artificial Intelligence (AI) solutions are becoming increasingly common in software development endeavors, and consequently exert a growing societal influence as well. Due to their unique nature, AI based systems influence a wide range of stakeholders with or without their consent, and thus the development of these systems necessitates a higher degree of ethical consideration than is currently carried out in most cases. Various practical examples of AI failures have also highlighted this need. However, there is only limited research on methods and tools for implementing AI ethics in software development, and we currently have little knowledge of the state of practice. In this study, we expl…

The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) in Cameroon : realities and prospects

2010

For a long time, Cameroon was a success story in the context of Africa’s development. Unfortunately, the economic crises of the eighties and early nineties led to the failure of the development strategies that had been pursued until then, resulting in a severe deterioration of the country’s economy and the living standards of the Cameroonian people (Mentan, 2003). However, this country possesses significant oil wealth which if properly managed can generate abundant revenue to boost economic growth and fund anti-poverty measures. In 2005, Cameroon adhered to the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). A proper implementation of this initiative will improve transparency in the c…

AI Ethics in Industry: A Research Framework

2019

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems exert a growing influence on our society. As they become more ubiquitous, their potential negative impacts also become evident through various real-world incidents. Following such early incidents, academic and public discussion on AI ethics has highlighted the need for implementing ethics in AI system development. However, little currently exists in the way of frameworks for understanding the practical implementation of AI ethics. In this paper, we discuss a research framework for implementing AI ethics in industrial settings. The framework presents a starting point for empirical studies into AI ethics but is still being developed further based on its pr…