Search results for "dialysis"

Seawater desalination : state of the art on conventional technologies

2009

Model-Based Decision Support System for Individual Prescription of the Dialysate Bicarbonate Concentration in Hemodialysis

1992

A decision support system has been developed that determines the optimal dialysate bicarbonate concentration in hemodialysis therapy for each patient individually. The knowledge about the behavior of the acid-base state during treatment has been provided by a mathematical model for the description of dynamic exchange processes during hemodialysis. This model simulates the sodium and water distribution, the acid-base state as well as the ventilation. The decision support system uses the model for the prediction of the end-dialysis acid-base state and calculates by means of linear optimization the dialysate bicarbonate concentration which is necessary to reach a specified end-dialysis state.…

Digoxin and digitoxin elimination in man by charcoal hemoperfusion

1978

Since there is no widely used causal means of reducing the severity of massive digitalis intoxication the capability of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal to remove toxicologically relevant amounts of digoxin and digitoxin was evaluated in vitro and in man. At a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min the digoxin clearance by hemoperfusion in vitro was 51±8 ml/min in comparison to 24.3±11.3 ml/min by hemodialysis. The average hemoperfusion clearance of digitoxin was 31.7±13.4 ml/min, whereas almost no digitoxin was removed by hemodialysis. These clearance values point to the ability of hemoperfusion of eliminating digitalis glycosides from the blood. They do not clarify the essential questi…

Donnan dialysis for tap-water softening

2018

In this presentation, Abdusalam Alhadid, started by introducing the problem of hard water in both domestic and industrial applications,caused by an excess of calcium and magnesium ions. It significantly decreases thelifetime and efficiency of equipment which has negative technical and economic consequences. Existing water softening technologies have several disadvantages, such as a high chemical use (crystallization, ion exchange), water and energy consumption (nanofiltration)

From the Golgi-Cajal mapping to the transmitter-based characterization of the neuronal networks leading to two modes of brain communication: Wiring a…

2007

After Golgi-Cajal mapped neural circuits, the discovery and mapping of the central monoamine neurons opened up for a new understanding of interneuronal communication by indicating that another form of communication exists. For instance, it was found that dopamine may be released as a prolactin inhibitory factor from the median eminence, indicating an alternative mode of dopamine communication in the brain. Subsequently, the analysis of the locus coeruleus noradrenaline neurons demonstrated a novel type of lower brainstem neuron that monosynaptically and globally innervated the entire CNS. Furthermore, the ascending raphe serotonin neuron systems were found to globally innervate the forebrai…

Comparison of Dialysis and Dispersion Methods for In Vitro Release Determination of Drugs from Multilamellar Liposomes

2008

The aim of these studies was to compare dialysis and dispersion methods for determining in vitro release of propranolol, metoprolol, pindolol, and atenolol from multilamellar liposomes. Multilamellar vesicles (MLV) were prepared using hydrogenated soy-lecithin phospholipon 90H (Ph 90H) as the primary lipid. The same volume of pH 7.4 phosphate buffered saline was used as a receptor medium for both methods. Samples were withdrawn, and drug concentration was determined using HPLC. All drug-containing liposomes exhibited an initial burst release followed by a slower rate of release. The rate and extent of drug release from MLV was dependent on the physicochemical properties of the drug. For all…

Energy generation and abatement of Acid Orange 7 in reverse electrodialysis cells using salinity gradients

2015

Abstract The simultaneous generation of electric energy and the treatment of wastewaters contaminated by an organic pollutant resistant to conventional biological processes, Acid Orange 7 (AO7), was achieved for the first time using proper redox processes by reverse electrodialysis using salinity gradients. The stack was fed with two aqueous solutions with different concentrations of NaCl and a synthetic wastewater contaminated by AO7. Various electrochemical approaches including electro-Fenton, electrogeneration of active chlorine (IOAC) and coupled process were performed in a stack equipped with 40–60 cell pairs and studied by focused electrolyses. The effect of the number of cell pairs a…

Modelling and characterization of electrodialysis systems for multi-ionic solutions

2019

In this work a simplified approach related to membrane properties is required

Assisted reverse electrodialysis for CO2 electrochemical conversion and treatment of wastewater: A new approach towards more eco-friendly processes u…

2020

Abstract In this paper, the utilization of assisted reverse electrodialysis (A-RED), recently used for pre-desalination, is proposed as a general method to reduce the energy requirements of electrolysis processes and evaluated for two model processes: (i) the cathodic conversion of carbon dioxide to formic acid; (ii) the anodic treatment of water contaminated by organics. In A-RED, two solutions with different salt content and an external potential difference, applied in the direction of the natural salinity gradient, are both used to drive redox processes. It was shown, for the first time, that the cathodic conversion of CO2 to formic acid can be performed by both reverse electrodialysis (…

In Vitro Dialyzability of Zinc from Different Salts Used in the Supplementation of Infant Formulas

1999

Seven zinc salts--acetate, chloride, lactate, sulfate, citrate, gluconate, and oxide--were added to milk--and soy-based infant formulas to estimate possible differences in zinc availability depending on the type of salt used. For this purpose, an in vitro method that estimates the dialyzability of the element (i.e., the fraction available for absorption) was applied. Zinc dialyzability is always higher in milk-based products than in soy products, even when the total zinc contents are higher in the latter. The salts can be classified according to the zinc dialyzability in the two types of formulas as follows: oxidegluconate = chloride = lactatecitrate = acetatesulfate. Therefore, according t…