Search results for "diaphragm"

Late consequences of traumatic rupture of the diaphragm.

2013

A 54-year-old man was admitted to our clinic due to elevated γ-glutamyltransferase, without any clinical symptoms. About 25 years ago, he had undergone blunt abdominal and thoracic trauma during an accident. No diagnostic measures or therapy had been performed at that time. Serum bilirubin was normal, but the values for alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase were slightly above the reference range. Sonography of the abdomen revealed dilated intrahepatic bile ducts up to 3 mm in diameter and steatosis of the liver grade I. CT scan and MRI of the thorax and abdomen showed a giant hiatal hernia with transposition of upper abdominal organs into the chest. As the …

Pulmonale Struktur und Funktion - Hochauflösende und dynamische Computertomographie bei Lungenemphysem und Erkrankungen der Atemwege -

2002

Computed tomography (CT) is the method of choice for the morphological assessment of pulmonary structure. Airways. pulmonary parenchyma and their pathologies are shown with high spatial resolution. Airway diseases exhibit bronchial dilatation, wall thickening and an increased visibility in the lung periphery. CT is also the imaging gold standard for the detection and the characterisation of emphysema because a high degree of concordance with histopathological studies. Centrilobular, panlobular and paraseptal emphysema can be differentiated. CT can also provide functional information. Paired inspiratory and expiratory scans with or without spirometric triggering allow to evaluate obstruction…

Patient-Ventilator Asynchronies: Clinical Implications and Practical Solutions

2020

Mechanical ventilation is a supportive treatment commonly applied in critically ill patients. Whenever the patient is spontaneously breathing, the pressure applied to the respiratory system depends on the sum of the pressure generated by the respiratory muscles and the pressure generated by the ventilator. Patient-ventilator interaction is of utmost importance in spontaneously breathing patients, and thus the ventilator should be able to adapt to patient's changes in ventilatory demand and respiratory mechanics. Nevertheless, a lack of coordination between patient and ventilator due to a mismatch between neural and ventilator timing throughout the respiratory cycle may make weaning difficul…

A Case of Severe Dyspnea and an Unusual Bronchoscopy: The Chilaiditi Syndrome

2006

Oxidative and nitrosative stress in the diaphragm of patients with COPD.

2007

COPD is associated with an increased load on the diaphragm. Since chronic muscle loading results in changes in antioxidant capacity and formation of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species, we hypothesized that COPD has a similar effect on the diaphragm, which is related to the severity of COPD. Catalase activity was determined spectrophotometrically. Levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-protein adducts and 3-nitrotyrosine (NT) formation were measured using western blotting. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. We found that catalase activity was approximately 89% higher in the diaphragm of severe COPD patients (FEV1 37+/-5% predicted…

Pulmonary hypertension in pediatrics. a feasible approach to bridge the gap between real world and guidelines

2019

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is quite infrequent in pediatric age and its most common etiologies include idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, PH related to congenital heart diseases, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (chronic lung disease), persistence of pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The developed for adult patients PH classification shows limitations when applied to pediatric subjects since the underlying causes are markedly different between the two ages. In 2011, the Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute Panama Task Force outlined the first specific pediatric pulmonary hypertensive vascular disease diagnostic classification, including 10 main…

ANALISI DEL PROCESSO DI ROTTURA PER SOLLEVAMENTO DEL FONDO DI SCAVI CONTROVENTATI

2012

Nella presente nota si riportano i principali risultati di un’analisi sui meccanismi di rottura per sollevamento del fondo di scavi sostenuti da diaframmi. È stata studiata l’influenza su tali meccanismi di fattori quali: lo stato tensionale iniziale; il rapporto tra larghezza e altezza dello scavo; la profondità d’infissione dei diaframmi al di sotto del fondo dello scavo; la dissipazione delle sovrappressioni interstiziali. I risultati ottenuti indicano che i metodi correntemente utilizzati per la valutazione delle condizioni di stabilità del fondo scavo, basati sull’analisi in termini di tensioni totali e sull’impiego della resistenza non drenata su possono portare a sopravvalutare le co…

Absorbable suture materials for primary defect closure in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: long term outcome

2011

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia and esophageal atresia: The importance of respiratory follow-up in congenital thoracic malformations

2013

Esophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, pulmonary function test, respiratory morbidity, Long-term follow-up

Right diaphragmatic injury and lacerated liver during a penetrating abdominal trauma: case report and brief literature review

2014

Introduction: Diaphragmatic injuries are rare consequences of thoracoabdominal trauma and they often occur in association with multiorgan injuries. The diaphragm is a difficult anatomical structure to study with common imaging instruments due to its physiological movement. Thus, diaphragmatic injuries can often be misunderstood and diagnosed only during surgical procedures. Diagnostic delay results in a high rate of mortality. Methods: We report the management of a clinical case of a 45-old man who came to our observation with a stab wound in the right upper abdomen. The type or length of the knife used as it was extracted from the victim after the fight. CT imaging demonstrated a right hem…