Search results for "dictator"
showing 10 items of 104 documents
Constructing the Centre from the Periphery
2003
During recent decades, scientific activity in the Spanish Enlightenment has attracted the attention of many historians of science. The policies of enlightened governments have been regarded as an important step in the process of modernisation of eighteenth-century Spanish society. At the beginning of that century, a new Bourbon dynasty was established in Spain and its policies have been regarded — mainly by conservative historians — as an attempt to introduce “foreign” ideas and practices into Spain. These policies have also been considered as a major effort to “modernise” a supposedly traditionalist country isolated from the rest of Europe and under the control of the powerful Catholic Chu…
Benedykt XVI o terroryzmie
2019
BENEDICT XVI ON TERRORISMIn Benedict XVI’s reflection on terrorist acts an unequivocally negative attitude towards them appears, regardless of the motives behind the armed actions. In this rather difficult problem for his contemporaries, he studied the premises responsible for the escalation of aggression and violence in various parts of the world, as well as their consequences for individual states and societies. The sources of acts of terror in the current reality were found in ideologies of extreme religious, as well as religious or even anti-religious backgrounds, of which ardent supporters try to impose by force or propaganda their dictatorship on certain social communities or office h…
The taint of torture and the brazilian legal system
2019
In Brazil, the practice of torture intertwines deeply with its own history. The literature on the subject has had a greater intensification on its registers during the Dictatorial Regime (1964 to 1985). In spite of the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, Brazil only makes efforts to investigate the crimes of torture of this period to comply with the provisions of the United Nations in 2011. Within this scenario, the NationalTruth Commission (Law 12.528, of November 2011) was created with the purpose of clarifying the facts and circumstances of cases concerning human rights violations, as well as the Law on Access to Information (Law 12.527 of November 2011), which have regulated the constitutio…
Institutional resources as a source of trade union power in Southern Europe
2017
Abstract Institutional resources are one of four sources of power available to trade unions (Gumbrell –McCormick and Hyman, 2013). Literature has tended to pay more attention to associational and organizational power and to emphasize the indispensable but problematic character of institutional resources. This paper examines the role of institutional resources in three Southern European countries (Greece, Portugal and Spain) which share common characteristic including post dictatorship political settlements; recent economic crises; external intervention. Comparative analysis draws out the distinctive role and character of institutional resources in Spanish industrial relation. It shows how t…
Spanish Fascism as a Political Religion (1931–1941)
2011
This article focuses on the controversial argument that Spanish Fascism, organized in the political party Falange Espanola (FE y de las JONS), can be interpreted as a form of political religion, understood in the sense of Emilio Gentile. The central thesis is that Spanish Fascism was a political religion during the Republican period, that is, from the time of its consolidation during the early 1930s to the beginning of the Civil War. However – and this is the main analytical challenge – it was also one after July 1936, in spite of the fact that the formation of Franco's Movimiento Nacional imposed no small transformations upon it. Even if those transformations were linked to the increasingl…
Making Telescopes and Partying with the Stars: Amateur Astronomy in Spain during Franco’s Dictatorship
2016
Franco’s dictatorship was characterized by an official narrative that criminalized the liberal tradition of previous periods. Such a discourse defined an ideologically correct science that censured the subordination of Spanish science to foreign influence and sought to create a new scientific tradition. However, recent studies have revised these aims and suggest that there was a continuity of scientific and technological programmes and practices before and after the Spanish Civil War. This paper contributes to these investigations with further evidence, focusing on several practices that characterized the development of amateur astronomy during this period. Special attention is paid to the…
1959: The Stabilization Plan and the End of Autarky
2020
This chapter analyses the contribution of the 1959 Plan de Estabilizacion (Stabilization Plan) to the economic changes that occurred in Spain during the 1960s. Economic growth improved in the 1950s after a decade of stagnation, but it was autarkic growth and the country accumulated serious imbalances. By reducing interventionism, initiating a process of liberalization and creating an appropriate economic framework, after two decades of autarky, the Plan contributed to promoting economic growth and helped change attitudes and mentalities. Moreover, the Plan had a long-term impact by allowing Spain to take advantage of a favourable international context during the 1960s. However, the dictator…
Institutional Change in Spanish Chambers of Commerce
2021
This chapter explains the evolution of the chambers of commerce in Spain. The chambers have always faced political and associative tensions, generating tremendous internal instability, and multiple attempts to make them disappear. They adopted a public model with a mandatory fee in the early days. The Dictatorship decided to convert them into public agencies and cancel their representative aspirations. In the democratic era, several legal reforms have decreed that chambers of commerce are corporations under public law with voluntary affiliation. Pressure from voluntary business associations has been crucial in this regard. Both compulsory membership and the mandatory fee disappeared as a co…
A Fascism That Came to Stay? On Spanish Falange’s Political Culture
2019
Sanz offers a synthetic analysis on the development of the fascist political culture in Spain, as part of the renewed recent Spanish historiography and the integration of the history of that country in its European context. To that end, he explores its cultural roots in the renewed nationalism developed since the turn of the century and its ideological and political construction in the assault on the Second Republic’s democracy. Likewise, it shows the development of the political culture of Falange, fully fascist based on an ultranationalistic, regenerationist, “revolutionary” and “traditional” synthesis, in dialectic with the cultures of the reactionary nationalism and the Catholic right. …
Ley y democracia en la era del terrorismo
2013
Gradually, the law and state are funcional to defend the interest of status quo. We believed having seen anything before the disaster of Nuremberg, but we were wrong. Even United State defended racism inner-ward at time this power expanded the discourse of democracy beyond its boundaries. We strongly believe not only that the law is determined by economy but also the right paves the way for the upsurge of dictatorship. Whether the old democracy in Greece encouraged the possibility to derogate an unfair law if necessary, the Anglo democracy (functional to capitalism) today recycles sites and states in order to install a regime of consumption where the gap between representants and citizens a…