Search results for "difference"

'In search of assessment feedback' : student view on the Finnish and British higher education

2007

Phenology Estimation From Meteosat Second Generation Data

2013

Many studies have focused on land surface phenology, for example as a means to characterize both water and carbon cycles for climate model inputs. However, the Spinning Enhanced Visible Infra-Red Imager (SEVIRI) sensor onboard Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) geostationary satellite has never been used for this goal. Here, five years of MSG-SEVIRI data have been processed to retrieve Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) daily time series. Due to existing gaps as well as atmospheric and cloud contamination in the time series, an algorithm based on the iterative Interpolation for Data Reconstruction (IDR) has been developed and applied to SEVIRI NDVI time series, from which phenologi…

Unia Europejska i Unia Euroazjatycka w kontekście obywatelstwa : podobieństwa i różnice

2018

Sformułowanie tematu zawiera generalnie trzy elementy, którymi są: Unia Europejska (UE), Euroazjatycka Unia Gospodarcza (EAUG) oraz obywatelstwo. Mamy zatem do czynienia po pierwsze, ze zderzeniem, zestawieniem, dwóch różnych, aczkolwiek w pewnym sensie podobnych, wtórnych podmiotów prawa międzynarodowego, jakimi pozostają wymienione w temacie organizacje. Po drugie, z instytucją obywatelstwa w kontekście tych dwóch organizacji. Tak obok siebie postawione powyżej kwestie mogą i mają prawo wywoływać szereg znaków zapytania czy nawet kontrowersji. Relacje obywatele – obywatelstwo w odniesieniu do wspomnianych organizacji kształtują się bowiem różnie, chociaż, co ważne, nie są li tylko abstrak…

What is intercultural communication competence in the context of the European Parliament? : perceptions about the required intercultural skills from …

2005

Mapping evapotranspiration on vineyards: A comparison between Penman-Monteith and energy balance approaches for operational purposes

2012

Estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) in Sicilian vineyard is an emerging issue since these agricultural systems are more and more converted from rainfed to irrigated conditions, with significant impacts on the management of the scarce water resources of the region. The choice of the most appropriate methodology for assessing water use in these systems is still an issue of debating, due to the complexity of canopy and root systems and for their high spatial fragmentation. In vineyards, quality and quantity of the final product are dependent on the controlled stress conditions to be set trough irrigation. This paper reports an application of the well-known Penman-Monteith approach, applied i…

The habits of playing and the reasons for not playing exergames: Age differences in Finland

2013

This study examines the habits of playing and the reasons for not playing digital exercise games (i.e., exergames), concentrating especially on the differences between four different age groups of players and non-players. Exergames can be considered an important and interesting research topic as they can be used to motivate people to do more exercise and, consequently, to improve their health and well-being. There are also potentially significant age differences in how these games are perceived. The study is based on analysing an online survey sample of 3,036 Finnish consumers by using contingency tables, the Pearson’s χ2 tests of independence, and the Cramér’s V coefficients. The results o…

Modeling temporal treatment effects with zero inflated semi-parametric regression models: The case of local development policies in France

2017

International audience; A semi-parametric approach is proposed to estimate the variation along time of the effects of two distinct public policies that were devoted to boost rural development in France over a similar period of time. At a micro data level, it is often observed that the dependent variable, such as local employment, does not vary along time, so that we face a kind of zero inflated phenomenon that cannot be dealt with a continuous response model. We introduce a conditional mixture model which combines a mass at zero and a continuous response. The suggested zero inflated semi-parametric statistical approach relies on the flexibility and modularity of additive models with the abi…

Will the last be the first? School closures and educational outcomes

2023

Governments have implemented school closures and online learning as one of the main tools to reduce the spread of Covid-19. Despite the potential benefits in terms of containment of virus diffusion, the educational costs of these policies may be dramatic. This work identifies these costs, expressed as decrease in test scores, for the whole universe of Italian students attending the 5th, 8th and 13th grade of the school cycle during the 2021/22 school year. The analysis is based on a difference-in-difference model in relative time, where the control group is the closest generation before the Covid-19 pandemic. Results suggest a national average loss between 1.8-4.0% in Mathematics and Italia…

School-age vaccination, school openings and Covid-19 diffusion

2022

This article investigates the relationship between school openings and Covid-19 diffusion when school-age vaccination becomes available. The analysis relies on a unique geo-referenced high frequency database on age of vaccination, Covid-19 cases and hospitalization indicators from the Italian region of Sicily. The study focuses on the change of Covid-19 diffusion after school opening in a homogeneous geographical territory (i.e., with the same control measures and surveillance systems, centrally coordinated by the Regional Government). The identification of causal effects derives from a comparison of the change in cases before and after school opening in the school year 2020/21, when vaccin…

Simple algorithms for calculation of the axial‐symmetric heat transport problem in a cylinder

2001

The approximation of axial‐symmetric heat transport problem in a cylinder is based on the finite volume method. In the classical formulation of the finite volume method it is assumed that the flux terms in the control volume are approximated with the finite difference expressions. Then in the 1‐D case the corresponding finite difference scheme for the given source function is not exact. There we propose the exact difference scheme. In 2‐D case the corresponding integrals are approximated using different quadrature formulae. This procedure allows one to reduce the heat transport problem described by a partial differential equation to an initial‐value problem for a system of two ordinary diff…