Search results for "digestive system"
showing 10 items of 1747 documents
Celiac disease and endocrine autoimmunity - the genetic link.
2018
Celiac disease is a small intestinal inflammatory disease with autoimmune features that is triggered and maintained by the ingestion of the storage proteins (gluten) of wheat, barley and rye. The prevalence of celiac disease is increased in patients with monoglandular and/or polyglandular autoimmunity and their relatives. Between 10 and 30% of patients with celiac disease are thyroid and/or type 1 diabetes antibody positive, while around 5 to 7% of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease and/or type 1 diabetes are IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody positive. The close relationship between celiac disease and endocrine autoimmunity is largely explained by sharing a common genetic back…
The Interplay between Nutrition, Innate Immunity, and the Commensal Microbiota in Adaptive Intestinal Morphogenesis
2021
The gastrointestinal tract is a functionally and anatomically segmented organ that is colonized by microbial communities from birth. While the genetics of mouse gut development is increasingly understood, how nutritional factors and the commensal gut microbiota act in concert to shape tissue organization and morphology of this rapidly renewing organ remains enigmatic. Here, we provide an overview of embryonic mouse gut development, with a focus on the intestinal vasculature and the enteric nervous system. We review how nutrition and the gut microbiota affect the adaptation of cellular and morphologic properties of the intestine, and how these processes are interconnected with innate immunit…
Protective Effect of Pogostone on 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid-Induced Experimental Colitis via Inhibition of T Helper Cell
2017
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immune-related disease mainly caused by the disequilibrium of T helper (Th) cell paradigm? Pogostone (PO) is one of the major chemical constituents of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. The present study aims to investigate the potential benefit of PO against IBD in a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis model. PO treatment by enema significantly brought down the disease activity index (DAI) of the TNBS-challenged rats, which was manifested by the ameliorated inflammatory features including ulceration, adhesion, and edema. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that PO effectivel…
Prognostic significance of circulating PD-1, PD-L1, pan-BTN3As, BTN3A1 and BTLA in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma
2019
PDAC is one of the most heterogeneous cancers with low chemotherapeutic sensitivity due to a dense stroma, a weak vasculature and significant biological aggressivity. In cancer, suppressive immune checkpoints are often hyper-activated to ensure an effective evasion of tumor cells from immune surveillance. These immune checkpoints include in part, the B7/butyrophilin-like receptors such as butyrophilin sub-family 3A/CD277 receptors (BTN3A), the B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) belonging to the B7-like receptors and the programmed death protein (PD-1) with its ligand PD-L1. We evaluated the plasma level of these markers in 32 PDAC patients (learning cohort) by ad hoc developed ELISA’s and…
Commensal Bacterium Rothia aeria Degrades and Detoxifies Gluten via a Highly Effective Subtilisin Enzyme
2020
Celiac disease is characterized by a chronic immune-mediated inflammation of the small intestine, triggered by gluten contained in wheat, barley, and rye. Rothia aeria, a gram-positive natural colonizer of the oral cavity and the upper digestive tract is able to degrade and detoxify gluten in vitro. The objective of this study was to assess gluten-degrading activity of live and dead R. aeria bacteria in vitro, and to isolate the R. aeria gluten-degrading enzyme. Methods: After an overnight fast, Balb/c mouse were fed a 1 g pellet of standard chow containing 50% wheat (and 4% gliadin) with or without 1.6 ×
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Poor Prognosis in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Patients Treated with Nab-Paclitaxel plus Gemcitabine…
2018
Background. High neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has shown to be a predictor of poor outcomes in various malignancies, including pancreatic cancer. Methods. We assessed 70 consecutive pts with histologically confirmed mPC who received chemotherapy with nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine at two different European oncologic centers between January 2012 and November 2015. Variables assessed for prognostic correlations included age ≥ 66, sex, Karnofsky PS score, primary tumor site, baseline CA19.9 level ≥ 59xULN, 12-week decrease of the CA19.9 level ≥ 50% from baseline, basal bilirubin level, baseline NLR, biliary stent implantation, and liver metastasis. Survival analyses were generated according…
The consumption of snacks and soft drinks between meals may contribute to the development and to persistence of gastro-esophageal reflux disease
2019
Abstract The hypothesis The habit of snacking and drinking soft beverages between breakfast, lunch and dinner, which is very widespread in the western world, could be a primum movens, thereby contributing to the development and subsequent persistence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). What does the proposed hypothesis based on? The high prevalence of GERD suggests that it is very probably caused by factors, which are intrinsic and widespread in a western lifestyle. Ingesting snacks or imbibing soft drinks between breakfast, lunch and dinner causes additional gastric acid secretion, acid pocket formation, and additional transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs) with a…
Deconvolution of the cellular origin in hepatocellular carcinoma: Hepatocytes take the center stage.
2016
The expression of biliary/progenitor markers by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often associated with poor prognosis and stem cell-like behaviors of tumor cells. Hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) also often express biliary/progenitor markers and frequently act as precursor lesions for HCC. However, the cell of origin of HCA and HCC that expresses these markers still remains unclear. Therefore, to evaluate if mature hepatocytes give rise to HCA and HCC tumors, and to understand the molecular pathways involved in tumorigenesis, we lineage-labeled hepatocytes by injecting adeno-associated virus (AAV) containing thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) promoter driven-Cre into RosaYFP mice. Yellow fluore…
Systemic treatment of HCC in special populations
2020
Summary Recent years have seen significant progress in the systemic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including the advent of immunotherapy. While several large phase III trials have provided the evidence for a multi-line treatment paradigm, they have focused on a highly selected group of patients by excluding potentially confounding comorbidities. As a result, high quality evidence for the systemic treatment of HCC in patients with various comorbidities is missing. This review summarises current knowledge on the use of approved medicines in patients with HIV, autoimmune disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, fibrolamellar HCC, mixed HCC-cholangiocarcinoma, decompensated cirr…
Hepatic benefits of HCV cure
2020
Direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-induced HCV clearance conceivably leads to improved outcomes at all stages of liver disease. However, available data suggest that the maximum measurable benefit is obtained by treating patients before they reach the stage of compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD). Ideally, all patients with chronic hepatitis C should be treated before they develop advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, since even if sustained virologic response (SVR) reduces the risk of hepatic events (e.g. decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) and improves survival, further progression of liver disease and adverse outcomes, including hepatic deaths, cannot be entirely avoided…