Search results for "disaster"
showing 10 items of 215 documents
PPGIS applied to environmental communication and hazards for a community-based approach: a dualism in the Southern Italy "calanchi" landscape
2021
<abstract> <p>The need of protection of the territory is a priority for the society, which is an integral part of it (unfortunately, this coincidence is often forgotten): the new environmental issues require the development of innovative management strategies and of appropriate knowledge and models. The balanced use of resources, essential for the survival and well-being of society, can be optimised through the promotion of the territory. The identification and the sustainable development of local resources can only be achieved by directing development policies towards a path of integration between ecological needs, protection of the landscape and socio-economic and cultural nee…
Infrastructure and system programming for digital ecosystems used in natural disaster management
2009
Researchers in most fields of activity must concentrate their efforts to eradicate or at least to mitigate the negative effects of “global warming”, which affect the entire planet. Within this context, we strongly believe that IT&C specialists should also approach the issue. Therefore, this paper presents the results and solutions obtained during the development of a research contract dealing on the one hand with real-time data collection and data centralization in a decision making system, and on the other with the dissemination of information among the people exposed to the effects of natural disasters such as: floods, storms, tsunamis, or other natural disasters which may destroy propert…
Follow-up trends of parasite community alteration in a marine fish after the Prestige oil-spill: shifting baselines?
2008
This study evaluates the follow-up trends in the composition and structure of the parasite communities in the marine sparid Boops boops after the Prestige oil-spill. A total of 400 fish comprising 11 seasonal samples was analyzed from three impacted localities on the Atlantic coast of Spain. A large number of parasite species was recovered only after the spill thus suggesting a substantial alteration of the marine food webs. Post-spill communities exhibited higher richness and abundance due to the significant changes in the abundance of the common species, the latter indicating accelerated parasite transmission rates. Multivariate analyses at two nested scales detected a directional trend i…
Application of the group method of data handling (GMDH) approach for landslide susceptibility zonation using readily available spatial covariates
2022
Abstract Landslide susceptibility (LS) mapping is an essential tool for landslide risk assessment. This study aimed to provide a new approach with better performance for landslide mapping and adopting readily available variables. In addition, it investigates the capability of a state-of-the-art model developed using the group method of data handling (GMDH) to spatially model LS. Furthermore, hybridized models of GMDH were developed using different metaheuristic algorithms. The study area was the Bonghwa region of South Korea, for which an accurate landslide inventory dataset is available. We considered a total of 13 spatial covariates (altitude, slope, aspect, topographic wetness index, val…
The importance of Culture and Context in Disaster Risk Reduction : A Case Study of Women in Batticaloa`s Perceptions on Vulnerability to Natural Disa…
2018
Master's thesis Global development and planning UT505 - University of Agder 2018 The aim of this thesis has been to assess perceptions on vulnerability to natural disasters and disaster risk reduction efforts among women in Batticaloa district, Sri Lanka. Batticaloa is one of the poorest districts in Sri-Lanka with vulnerabilities linked to linked to several factors; the impact of the war, the tsunami, and water related climate variability which again affects health and safety, water resources, agriculture and fisheries, access to services and livelihood/economic development of families and communities (Humanity & Inclusion, n. d.). Disasters are often considered the “antithesis of human de…
Business continuity of business models : Evaluating the resilience of business models for contingencies
2019
Company business models are vulnerable to various contingencies in the business environment that may unexpectedly render their business logic ineffective. In particular, technological advancements, such as the Internet of things, big data, sharing economy and crowdsourcing, have enabled new forms of business models that can effectively and abruptly make traditional business models obsolete. By disrupting or even diminishing companies’ revenue streams, environmental contingencies may present a significant threat to business continuity (BC). Evaluating the resilience of business models against these contingencies should therefore be a core area of BC. However, existing BC approaches tend to f…
Genesis of fumarolic emissions as inferred by isotope mass balances: CO 2 and water at Vulcano Island, Italy
2002
We have developed a quantitative model of CO2 and H2O isotopic mixing between magmatic and hydrothermal gases for the fumarolic emissions of the La Fossa crater (Vulcano Island, Italy). On the basis of isotope balance equations, the model takes into account the isotope equilibrium between H2O and CO2 and extends the recent model of chemical and energy two-end-member mixing by Nuccio et al. (1999). As a result, the H2O and CO2 content and the δD, δ18O, and δ13C isotope compositions for both magmatic and hydrothermal end-members have been assessed. Low contributions of meteoric steam, added at a shallow depth, have been also recognized and quantified in the fumaroles throughout the period fro…
Gas emissions from five volcanoes in northern Chile and implications for the volatiles budget of the Central Volcanic Zone
2014
This study performed the first assessment of the volcanic gas output from the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ) of northern Chile. We present the fluxes and compositions of volcanic gases (H2O, CO2, H2, HCl, HF, and HBr) from five of the most actively degassing volcanoes in this region—Lascar, Lastarria, Putana, Ollague, and San Pedro—obtained during field campaigns in 2012 and 2013. The inferred gas plume compositions for Lascar and Lastarria (CO2/Stot = 0.9–2.2; Stot/HCl = 1.4–3.4) are similar to those obtained in the Southern Volcanic Zone of Chile, suggesting uniform magmatic gas fingerprint throughout the Chilean arc. Combining these compositions with our own UV spectroscopy measurements of …
Forecasting Etna eruptions by real-time observation of volcanic gas composition
2007
It is generally accepted, but not experimentally proven, that a quantitative prediction of volcanic eruptions is possible from the evaluation of volcanic gas data. By discussing the results of two years of real-time observation of H2O, CO2, and SO2 in volcanic gases from Mount Etna volcano, we unambiguously demonstrate that increasing CO2/SO2 ratios can allow detection of the pre-eruptive degassing of rising magmas. Quantitative modeling by the use of a saturation model allows us to relate the pre-eruptive increases of the CO2/SO2 ratio to the refilling of Etna's shallow conduits with CO2-rich deep-reservoir magmas, leading to pressurization and triggering of eruption. The advent of real-ti…
Isotopically (δ13C and δ18O) heavy volcanic plumes from Central Andean volcanoes: a field study
2017
International audience; Stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen in volcanic gases are key tracers of volatile transfer between Earth's interior and atmosphere. Although important, these data are available for few volcanoes because they have traditionally been difficult to obtain and are usually measured on gas samples collected from fumaroles. We present new field measurements of bulk plume composition and stable isotopes (δ13CCO2 and δ18OH2O+CO2) carried out at three northern Chilean volcanoes using MultiGAS and isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy. Carbon and oxygen in magmatic gas plumes of Lastarria and Isluga volcanoes have δ13C in CO2 of +0.76‰ to +0.77‰ (VPDB), similar to slab carbonate;…