Search results for "disaster"
showing 10 items of 215 documents
First determination of magma-derived gas emissions from Bromo volcano, eastern Java (Indonesia)
2015
The composition and fluxes of volcanic gases released by persistent open-vent degassing at Bromo Volcano, east Java (Indonesia), were characterised in September 2014 from both in-situ Multi-GAS analysis and remote spectroscopic (dual UV camera) measurements of volcanic plume emissions. Our results demonstrate that Bromo volcanic gas is water-rich (H2O/SO2 ratios of 56-160) and has CO2/SO2 (4.1 +/- 0.7) and CO2/S-tot (3.2 +/- 0.7) ratios within the compositional range of other high-temperature magma-derived gases in Indonesia. H-2/H2O and H2S/SO2 ratios constrain a magmatic gas source with minimal temperature of 700 degrees C and oxygen fugacity of 10(-17)-10(-18) bars. UV camera sensing on …
The bridge volcanic LIdar-BILLI: A review of data collection and processing techniques in the Italian most hazardous volcanic areas
2020
Volcanologists have demonstrated that carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes are precursors of volcanic eruptions. Controlling volcanic gases and, in particular, the CO2 flux, is technically challenging, but we can retrieve useful information from magmatic/geological process studies for the mitigation of volcanic hazards including air traffic security. Existing techniques used to probe volcanic gas fluxes have severe limitations such as the requirement of near-vent in situ measurements, which is unsafe for operators and deleterious for equipment. In order to overcome these limitations, a novel range-resolved DIAL-Lidar (Differential Absorption Light Detection and Ranging) has been developed as part of…
Pasaules Veselības organizācijas darbība Ebolas vīrusa epidēmijas laikā: novēršanas pasākumu un krīzes vadības izvērtējums
2018
Maģistra darba tēma ir Pasaules Veselības organizācijas darbība Ebolas vīrusa epidēmijas laikā: novēršanas pasākumu un krīzes vadības izvērtējums. Pētījuma mērķis ir: analizējot Ebolas vīrusa epidēmijas krīzi, identificēt PVO darbības trūkumus un gūtās mācības. Maģistra darba izpētes jautājums ir: Kādas PVO darbības trūkumus un gūtās mācības var konstatēt Ebolas vīrusa epidēmijas krīzes laikā. Maģistra darbā izmantota starptautiskā katastrofu pārvaldības teorija, kas ieskicē galvenos krīzes vadības elementus. Darba empīriskajā daļā ir analizēta PVO darbība Ebolas vīrusa epidēmijas laikā 2014.gadā, tiek apskatīti PVO vairāki aspekti un to pilnveidošanas nepieciešamība, kā arī dalībvalstu ies…
Distribution patterns of particulate trace metals in the water column and nepheloid layer of the Gulf of Riga.
2004
The dynamics (fate) of trace metals in suspended particulate matter within the Gulf of Riga has not yet been adequately addressed in the scientific literature. Therefore, during a two year period (2001-2002) samples of suspended particulate matter and surface sediments for trace metal analysis were collected in the Gulf of Riga and the Daugava river, and these data were combined with background information from the national marine monitoring program in Latvia. This paper presents a descriptive study of solid phase trace metals (aluminium, iron, cadmium, chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc) dynamics and their spatial distribution within the Gulf of Riga based on Principal Comp…
A Review on Applications of Big Data for Disaster Management
2017
International audience; The term " disaster management " comprises both natural and man-made disasters. Highly pervaded with various types of sensors, our environment generates large amounts of data. Thus, big data applications in the field of disaster management should adopt a modular view, going from a component to nation scale. Current research trends mainly aim at integrating component, building, neighborhood and city levels, neglecting the region level for managing disasters. Current research on big data mainly address smart buildings and smart grids, notably in the following areas: energy waste management, prediction and planning of power generation needs, improved comfort, usability …
Describing knowledge of the domain of risk and catastrophe by the creation of an ontology
2010
We introduce an ontology of the domain of risk and catastrophe. This ontology is a conceptual model for describing knowledge from a set of concepts linked by semantic and taxonomic relations. We propose a conceptual framework which can be used to analyze various types of events, concentrated or dispersed, whether natural, industrial / technological or social. Our approach distinguishes a factual part from a representational one. The factual part describes the terminology used to depict what happened (e.g. 30 died on some bridge). The representational part depicts the standpoints and judgments of the various actors of the system (there has been an accident, a serious accident or catastrophe)…
Analysis of the 2011 Japan's triple disaster from a conceptual ontology of the domain of risk and disaster,
2012
International audience; In this paper, we propose to use the factual part of a conceptual ontology realized in 2009 (Provitolo and al. 2009 a) to analyze the disaster that occurred in Japan on 11 March 2011 and which was characterized by a sequence of earthquake, tsunami and nuclear accident. Many papers, reports, videos and press articles were published, each one providing a wide variety of information. Some fo- cused on the massive earthquake that triggered the devastating tsunami waves along the eastern coast of the Tohoku region while others mainly analyzed the nuclear crisis. The aim of this work is to syn- thesize in visual form information from various sources and to produce differen…
Climate and agriculture: empirical evidence for countries and agroecological zones of the Sahel
2022
International audience; ow heterogenous is the impact of climate change across space and the type of agricultural production? In this paper, we investigate the relationship between climate change and variability, measured by temperature and rainfall, and agricultural production at the country and agroecological zone levels of the Sahel. We consider a crop production index and five cereals (maize, millet, sorghum, wheat and rice). Based on an original climate database and an agricultural production function estimated for the period 1961–2016, we show that average rainfall and temperature during the growing season indeed have highly heterogeneous effects on agricultural production, depending …
La interpretación de los riesgos naturales y el cambio climático en postgrado. Ejemplos de casos de estudio en la provincia de Alicante (España)
2020
Esta investigación tiene el objetivo de exponer una experiencia didáctica sobre la interpretación de los riesgos naturales y el cambio climático a partir de la propuesta de diferentes estudios de caso de la provincia de Alicante (España). Dicha propuesta se lleva a cabo en la asignatura de Cambio Climático y Riesgo en el Mediterráneo del Máster en Planificación y Gestión de Riesgos Naturales (Universidad de Alicante). Metodológicamente se han expuesto diferentes ejemplos de análisis sobre las temáticas de: 1) Las sequías; 2) La explotación y sangrado de cursos fluviales; 3) Tendencias climáticas; y 4) Medidas de adaptación al cambio climático. Con estos ejemplos se pretende que los discente…
The role of melt composition on aqueous fluid vs. silicate melt partitioning of bromine in magmas
2018
International audience; Volcanogenic halogens, in particular bromine, potentially play an important role in the ozone depletion of the atmosphere. Understanding bromine behaviour in magmas is therefore crucial to properly evaluate the contribution of volcanic eruptions to atmospheric chemistry and their environmental impact. To date, bromine partitioning between silicate melts and the gas phase is very poorly constrained, with the only relevant experimental studies limited to investigation of synthetic melt with silicic compositions. In this study, fluid/melt partitioning experiments were performed using natural silicate glasses with mafic, intermediate and silicic compositions. For each co…