Search results for "disaster"

Understanding the risks for post-disaster infectious disease outbreaks: a systematic review protocol

2020

Introduction Disasters have many forms, including those related to natural hazards and armed conflict. Human-induced global change, such as climate change, may alter hazard parameters of these disasters. These alterations can have serious consequences for vulnerable populations, which often experience post-disaster infectious disease outbreaks, leading to morbidity and mortality. The risks and drivers for these outbreaks and their ability to form cascades, are somewhat contested. Despite evidence for post-disaster outbreaks, reviews quantifying them have been on short time scales, specific geographic areas or specific hazards. This review aims to fill this gap and gain a greater understandi…

Validation of an ontology of risk and disaster through a case study of the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake

2009

International audience; This paper seeks to validate a factual ontologyderived from an ontology of the domain of risk and catastrophe (Provitolo, Müller, Dubos-Paillard, 2009). The factual ontology is that part describing the structure and dynamics of the system, that is, the representation of an event and of on what it has a bearing. The objective is to show that the ontology is able to account for and allow comparison between complex stories (because of the diversity of event types and of their multi-scale description). The event used as the basis for validation of the ontology is the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923. The account is that of P. Hadfield (1991) that provides a detailed descri…

Volcanic risk and the role of the media. A case study in the Etna area

2019

On December 24, 2018, the Etna volcano has recorded a significant eruption. Linked to this phenomenon, after a seismic swarm of 72 shocks, a 4.8-magnitude earthquake struck a large area North of Catania city, on the Eastern coast of Sicily. Six villages reported 28 injured people and damages to the building. According to seismologists the earthquake had an unusual level of magnitude. Yet, despite the real danger of this event, many people who live around the volcano, in one of the most densely populated areas of Sicily, perceived these facts in an ambivalent way. Indeed, their lives continued as before even in awareness of the natural hazard, while several media presented the situation as r…

Mitigating the highest volcanic risk in the World: a multidisciplinary strategy for the Neapolitan area

2020

Neapolitan volcanic area is by far the highest volcanic risk one in the World, due to the presence of three active volcanic areas (Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei, Ischia) with an extreme population density: three million people live within 20 km from a possible volcanic vent. Volcanic risk in these areas is strictly associated to seismic risk, and to other secondary risks as landslides and flooding (De Natale et al., 2019; 2020). The mitigation of such an extreme risk can only be afforded by considering volcanological, as well as economical, urban and social issues. All these highly multidisciplinary aspects must be jointly recognized and shared by both volcanologists and decision makers, in a glo…

After cyclone Aila : politics of climate change in Sundarbans

2023

This article compares the politics of climate change in the Sundarbans region in Bangladesh and India based on ethnographic fieldwork in four villages and among migrants from these villages in Kolkata and Khulna city by focusing on the long aftermath of cyclone Aila. The comparison highlights different policy options and framings of extreme weather events . Ten years after the cyclone, the aftermath of Aila continues in both regions we studied in Bangladesh and India, but partly for different reasons. In our study areas in Bangladesh, the aftermath of Aila reinforced the neglect of coastal livelihoods, whereas, in the communities we studied in India, Aila spurred new investments in the affe…

Communication in turbulent times : exploring issue arenas and crisis communication to enhance organisational resilience

2017

This book is characterised by a broad approach towards corporate communication, emphasising change and crisis. The focus is not on crises as an exceptional situation but rather on broader volatility in the environment. The purpose of this book is to increase the understanding of multi- stakeholder communication concerning organisational issues and crises. From the perspective of organisational management, this book clarifies how communication contributes to organisational resilience—the ability to adapt to a changing environment and mitigate emergency crises. In todays’ world, change is not the exception but a constant presence. Moreover, issues and risks occur that may grow to become crise…

Developing disaster preparedness education via broadcast media and community involvement

2014

The role of social work in disaster management in Finland

2017

This study explores the role of social work in disaster management in Finland and its relation to international disaster social work discussions. The aim is to obtain information on the role of social work in disasters in Finland and to conceptualize disaster social work to understand it better. The framework of disaster social work interventions and the concepts of vulnerability, resilience and social capital are used in analyzing and conceptualizing the role. The methods used are integrative literature review, quantitative document analysis, and statistical analysis of the survey. Municipal social services’ preparedness plan documents and survey data of private social care units’ prepared…

Beliefs and attitudes of Australian learner drivers toward driving and avoiding driving through floodwater

2023

Driving through floodwater is a significant cause of flood-related injury and mortality, and opportunities exist to embed safe driving messages regarding floodwaters to novice drivers in graduated driver licensing schemes. To inform future educational efforts, we investigated the beliefs and attitudes of Australian learner drivers about driving and avoiding driving through floodwaters. Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional correlational design with measures drawn from the theory of planned behaviour and administered within an online survey. Phase 1 (N = 44 learner drivers) aimed to identify the core beliefs associated with driving through floodwater. Phase 2 (N = 250 learner drivers)…

Emergency Response Model as a part of the Smart Society

2021

Centralized hybrid emergency model with predictive emergency response functions is necessary when the purpose is to protect the critical infrastructure (CI). A shared common operational picture among Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR) authorities means that a real-time communication link from the local level to the state-level exists. If a cyberattack would interrupt electricity transmission, telecommunication networks will discontinue operating. Cyberattack becomes physical in the urban and maritime area if an intrusion has not been detected. Hybrid threats require hybrid responses. The purpose of this qualitative research was to find out technological-related fundamental risks …