Search results for "distress"
showing 10 items of 555 documents
Type D personality is independently associated with major psychosocial stressors and increased health care utilization in the general population
2011
Abstract Background Type D is considered as a non pathological personality trait and propensity for mental distress. Its relationship with mental distress has been mainly studied in cardiovascular patients and with respect to depression. The knowledge about the relationship of Type D with mental disorders, psychosocial stressors and health care utilization in the general population is insufficient. Therefore the present study sought to determine the associations of Type D with mental distress, major psychosocial stressors, health status, and health care utilization in the general population. Methods Cross-sectional analysis in a representative population based sample of n = 2495 subjects (m…
The Role of Dysfunctional Cognitions in Patients With Chronic Tinnitus
2015
OBJECTIVES The present study investigates the role of dysfunctional cognitions in patients with chronic tinnitus. To explore different dimensions of tinnitus-related thoughts, a 22-item self-report measure, the "Tinnitus Cognitions Scale" (T-Cog), is presented. Furthermore, dysfunctional cognitions are examined as a possible mediator of the relation between tinnitus distress and depression. DESIGN The present study analyzes the cross-sectional data of 373 patients with chronic tinnitus. Parallel analysis and principal axis factoring are used to identify the factor structure of the T-Cog. Assumed mediating effects are tested using the asymptotic and resampling procedure. RESULTS Factor analy…
Measurement invariance, validation and normative data of the Jenkins Sleep Scale-4 (JSS-4) in the German general population across the life span.
2019
Abstract Objective As sleep disorders have become a major concern in public health, there is strong need for a brief and sound measure for sleep problems. The purposes of the study were to 1) evaluate factor structure and measurement invariance, 2) validate the scale based on sociodemographic data and distress, and 3) provide norm values for the general population. Methods In a representative survey of the German population N = 2515 participants (14 to 95 years) filled in the 4-item Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS-4), sociodemographic questions and the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (anxiety, depression, somatic symptom load). The JSS-4 was analyzed by principal component analysis, confirmatory and mu…
Predictors of stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental disorders in a general population in Finland
2010
For planning effective and well-targeted initiatives to reduce stigma, we need to identify which factors are associated with stigmatizing of people with mental disorders.This study examined how well a combination of variables predicts stigmatizing attitudes and discrimination in a general population.A survey questionnaire was sent to 10,000 persons aged 15-80 years residing in western Finland. Attitudes were measured using a scale consisting of negative stereotypes about people with depression and stereotypical beliefs connected with mental problems, while discrimination was measured by a social distance scale. Predictors included demographic variables, mental health resources, personal exp…
Confirming the mechanisms behind cognitive-behavioural therapy effectiveness in chronic pain using structural equation modeling in a sample of patien…
2016
Objective To evaluate whether therapeutic mechanisms assumed to explain the effect of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) concerning temporomandibular symptoms are confirmed by structural equation modelling. Method Patients were randomly assigned to either an experimental group receiving CBT (N = 41) or a standard therapy control group (N = 31). Subjects were assessed before and after intervention using mediator variables hypothesized according to the CBT model, as well as outcome variables and other socio-demographic and clinical measures. Results The results confirm that the effect of treatment on pain intensity was partially mediated by distress, catastrophizing, perceived control, distr…
Impact of psychological risk factors on disaster rescue operations: the case of Italian volunteers.
2007
This paper reports on research into the characteristics of emergency rescue workers, with a focus on psychological distress. We present the results of a study of volunteers from the Italian national civil protection programme. A questionnaire was administered to 2,576 subjects from all over Italy. Most respondents were men, mostly unemployed, whose average level of education was higher than that among most Italian volunteers. Many were poorly endowed with basic skills, with large differences according to geography. Many expected to convert their volunteer activities into permanent jobs. Using this data, we employed a logistical regression model to analyse the risk of low, moderate and sever…
Repressive Coping Style and Its Relation to Psychosocial Distress in Males With Erectile Dysfunction
2010
ABSTRACT Introduction There is evidence that repressive coping adversely affects medical conditions such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, and bronchial asthma. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is known to have a severe and lasting negative impact on health, quality of life, and partnership. Although ED may be eminently threatening for the self-image of affected men, a repressive coping style and its consequences for their mental health and partnership has not yet been investigated. Aim Based on the presumption that the male self-image is threatened by ED, we expected men with repressive coping strategies—although reporting the same degree of impairments regarding their sexual function—to d…
Psychological Impact on the Nursing Professionals of the Rioja Health Service (Spain) Due to the SARS-CoV-2 Virus
2021
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a public health emergency that has affected health professionals around the world, causing physical and mental exhaustion with a greater probability of developing mental disorders in professionals who provide healthcare. Objective: The objective of this study was to know the psychological impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the nursing professionals working for the Rioja Health Service. Methods: We conducted an observational and descriptive cross-sectional study. The nursing staff at the Rioja Health Service were invited to respond to a self-administered questionnaire between June and August 2020. Results: A total of 605 health professionals participated i…
Association of mental distress with smoking status in the community: Results from the Gutenberg Health Study.
2013
Abstract Background Exposition to tobacco smoke is among the major modifiable risk factors in the general population. There is strong evidence for a close association between smoking exposure and mental disorders. Methods Cross-sectional associations of different conditions of smoking status (former, current, and second hand smoking (SHS)) with indicators of mental distress were analyzed in a sample of N =5000 participants (aged 35–74 years) of the population-based survey “Gutenberg Health Study”. Results In the general population clinically significant depression (OR 1.59, 95%CI 1.17–2.17) and a previous diagnosis of depression (OR 1.50, 95%CI 1.16–1.94) were associated with current smokin…
Is assessment of depression equivalent for migrants of different cultural backgrounds? Results from the German population-based Gutenberg Health Stud…
2018
BACKGROUND Bearing in mind the multicultural background of a national population, little is known about the measurement invariance across different cultures or ethnicities of frequently used screeners for depression. For this reason, the main objective of the current study is to assess the measurement invariance of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) across groups with different migration backgrounds. METHODS We provided psychometric analyses (descriptive statistics at item and scale level, reliability analysis, exploratory [EFA] and confirmatory factor analyses [CFA]) comparing a native population with first- and second-generation migrants of the German population-based Gutenberg Heal…