Search results for "diversity"
showing 10 items of 3950 documents
Control of grape berry moth larvae using parasitoids: should it be developed?
2009
8 pages; International audience; Besides mating disruption techniques and progress in monitoring techniques (e.g. theuse of food traps against females), biological control may reveal itself very efficient at controllinggrape moth populations. Parasitoids active to control grape moths are known for long invineyards; few of them were already described in the middle of the 19th century in Frenchvineyards and their efficiency was already recognized especially against the diapausing and thefirst spring generations of the moths. Rather numerous attempts to release egg parasitoids havebeen done in different European countries using different species of trichogrammas. The resultsobtained varied a l…
GENEFISHING: AN ALTERNATE METAGENOMIC APPROACH FOR CAPTURING TARGETED BACTERIAL DIVERSITY IN AN ENGINEERED RECIPIENT E. COLI STRAIN
2009
International audience; The metagenomic approach, defined as the direct recovery and cloning of bacterial DNA from the environment in domesticated bacterial hosts has been widely used to study bacterial populations and their functional genes in numerous environments. The advantage of this approach over conventional culture based techniques is that it encompasses a wider range of bacteria by bypassing the bias of uncultivability of more than 99% of the bacteria in soil. However, in complex and rich environments such as soils, the huge level of bacterial diversity requires construction, handling and screening of several million clones in order to cover a significant proportion of bacterial ge…
La biodiversité des sols : un fantastique patrimoine à préserver et valoriser
2015
Les sols sont des environnements vivants dans lesquels cohabitent des microorganismes et une faune particulièrement abondants. Ainsi, les organismes évoluant dans le sol (mammifères, insectes, arachnides, vers, mollusques, protozoaires, nématodes, champignons, bactéries,…) représentent une masse bien supérieure à celle de ceux vivant au-dessus du sol. Une poignée de terre (approximativement 200 g) contient 0,5 g de matière vivante ce qui correspond à environ 5 tonnes à l’hectare.Au-delà de cette biomasse considérable, les organismes du sol représentent une fortediversité. L’étude de cette biodiversité nécessite l’application de stratégies et méthodes d’analyses adaptées compte-tenu de la di…
Biotic control of atrazine degradation in soils: Impacts of earthworms on Atrazine degrading bacterial communities.
2006
communication affichée
Écologie tropicale : de l'ombre à la lumière.
2015
192 pages; National audience; Les événements écologiques survenus ces dernières années, notamment en raison des changements globaux, et du réchauffement climatique en particulier, ont fait prendre conscience à l'opinion publique des menaces qui planent sur les zones tropicales. Et les sciences, dans une nouvelle approche transversale et interdisciplinaire, se penchent aujourd'hui sur cette écologie unique qui abrite des écosystèmes d'une grande complexité. En effet, l'équilibre de notre planète repose en partie sur ces environnements fragiles où évolue le plus grand nombre d'espèces en densité et en diversité. Cette biodiversité et la gestion des ressources associées apparaissent comme l'un…
Short term bacterial community structure dynamics in forest soil and litter: an in situ study in a CarboEurope site.
2008
International audience; Acting as both sink and source in the terrestrial carbon cycle, soils play an important role. In forests, soils contain up to 70% of total ecosystem C and contribute to 40% to 70% of total ecosystem respiration. Therefore, in a climate change context, understanding soil microbial community dynamics and its consequences on soil functioning is a major issue. The objective of this study was to determine if changes in the inputs of fresh litter quantity could influence the structure of bacterial communities (named BCS) and their dynamics in a forest soil. The experiment took place in Barbeau national forest (CARBOEUROPE site; Fontainebleau, France). Three treatments of f…
Suivi temporel des oiseaux nicheurs en rivière (programme STORI) : évolution sur 16 années (1991-2006) des communautés de l’Allier.
2010
16 pages; National audience
High environmental variability and steep biological gradients in the waters off the northern Antarctic Peninsula.
2016
199 pages; International audience
Chemical communication in termites: syn-4,6-Dimethylundecan-1-ol as 3 trail-following pheromone, syn-4,6-dimethylundecanal and 4 (5E)-2,6,10-trimethy…
2011
The trail-following pheromone and sex pheromones were investigated in the Indomalayan termite Hodotermopsis sjoestedti belonging to the new family Archotermopsidae. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after solid phase microextraction (SPME) of the sternal gland secretion of pseudergates and trail-following bioassays demonstrated that the trailfollowing pheromone of H. sjoestedti was syn-4,6-dimethylundecan-1-ol, a new chemical structure for termite pheromones. GC-MS after SPME of the sternal gland secretion of alates also allowed the identification of sex-specific compounds. In female alates, the major sex-specific compound was identified as (5E)-2,6,10-trimethylundeca-…