Search results for "diversity"

Ecologie des communautés, réseaux trophiques et régulation naturelle

2020

International audience; Types d’interaction au sein des communautés et régulation naturelle.Relations entre diversité horizontale des communautés d’ennemis naturels et régulation naturelle.Effet de la diversité verticale des communautés sur les niveaux de régulation naturelle.Métacommunautés et écologie du paysage.

Effects of land use intensity on european soil bacterial, fungal and archaeal communities

2012

Whilst the importance of soils and their contribution to ecosystem services provision are well recognised, there is a paucity of knowledge on how particular land-use practices affect different types of soil organisms, and subsequently whether this affects soil functioning. The seventh framework programme EcoFINDERS project (Ecological Function and Biodiversity Indicators in European Soils) aims to “Decipher the links between soil biodiversity, activities, functioning and ecosystem services”. Through this project we have examined soil microbes at a number of European locations ranging from Iberian grassland to boreal forest. At each field site a gradient of land-use intensification has been …

Impact of herbicide-resistant transgenic plants on weed management and environment

2012

Mechanisms of beneficial legume-microbe interactions

2013

Understanding mechanisms underlying high nutrients use efficiency and carbon allocation in a context of legumes-microbe interactions at the root level (mycorrhiza and nodules) is critical for sound management of croplands taking care of ecosystem services rendered by beneficial microbes. Indeed, availability, uptake and exchange of nutrients in biotrophic interactions will drive plant growth and modulate biomass allocation, that are central to plant yield, a major outcome, in the context of high biomass production. Transport processes across the polarised membrane interfaces are of major importance in the functioning of the established symbiosis as the relation is based on a 'fair-trade' be…

Erosion of biodiversity affects the stability of soil microbial communities

2012

Anthropogenic activities have led to a significant modification/reduction of biodiversity. By observing this erosion, the understanding of the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has emerged as a central issue in ecological and environmental sciences during the last decade. This relationship between diversity-stability-function has been extensively studied by plant ecologists, but remains largely unexplored for soil microorganisms. In this context, we studied the impact of an erosion of biodiversity on the stability of soil microbial communities (i.e. resistance and resilience) in response to two perturbations: a residual metallic stress (mercury input at 20 ppm) and…

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, partners of the rhizostabilization process of an orphan mining site

2012

International audience

Should grape moth larval immunity help explaining resistance against natural enemies?

2011

National audience; In tritrophic systems (plants, phytophagous insects and natural enemies), host plant variation often keys the relative performance of both the herbivore and its associated natural enemies. In bottom-up effects, host plants could affect the fitness of phytophagous insects including growth rate and adult fertility. These effects are indirectly reflected in parasitoids whose success depends on their host quality. For instance, nutrient deficiency or/and toxic defensive compounds of the plants could slow-down the development of herbivorous insects, thus extending the window of vulnerability of attacks by natural enemies. The immune system is arguably the most common resistanc…

Diversité de l’Orge (Hordeum vulgare L.) dans le Nord-Ouest du Bassin Méditerranéen occidental depuis 8 millénaires d’après l’analyse morphométrique …

2023

International audience; Le Néolithique voit la domestication de l'Orge au Proche-Orient et sa diffusion progressive jusque dans l'ouest du Bassin Méditerranéen. Elle y représente depuis une céréale majeure des systèmes agraires. Deux sous-espèces coexistent, Orge à 2 rangs (H. v. subsp.distichum) et à 6 rangs (H. v. subsp.vulgare), subdivisées en formes nues et vêtues, en lien avec des usages et caractéristiques agronomiques variés.Les dynamiques passées de cette diversité sont peu connues car les approches paléogénétiques qui permettraient de les appréhender sont fortement limitées par la carbonisation qui, tout en assurant la conservation de la plupart des grains archéologiques, détruit l…

De Bivaag à ECSIT : 10 ans de recherche dédiée à la biodiversité ancienne des îles de Guadeloupe.

2020

International audience

Paysages agraires fossiles du Morvan: premières approches sur le secteur de la Place aux Laides - Le Haut de Sery

2021

Axe Fabrique du Paysage