Search results for "diversity"
showing 10 items of 3950 documents
Microbial diversity and structure are drivers of the biological barrier effect against Listeria monocytogenes in soil
2013
International audience; Understanding the ecology of pathogenic organisms is important in order to monitor their transmission in the environment and the related health hazards. We investigated the relationship between soil microbial diversity and the barrier effect against Listeria monocytogenes invasion. By using a dilution-to-extinction approach, we analysed the consequence of eroding microbial diversity on L. monocytogenes population dynamics under standardised conditions of abiotic parameters and microbial abundance in soil microcosms. We demonstrated that highly diverse soil microbial communities act as a biological barrier against L. monocytogenes invasion and that phylogenetic compos…
Biogeography of soil microbial communities: a review and a description of the ongoing french national initiative
2010
International audience; Microbial biogeography is the study of the distribution of microbial diversity on large scales of space and time. This science aims at understanding biodiversity regulation and its link with ecosystem biological functioning, goods and services such as maintenance of productivity, of soil and atmospheric quality, and of soil health. Although the initial concept dates from the early 20th century (Beijerinck (1913) De infusies en de ontdekking der backterien, in: Jaarboek van de Knoniklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Muller, Amsterdam), only recently have an increasing number of studies have investigated the biogeographical patterns of soil microbial diversity. A such …
Transition to conservation agriculture : changes in cropping practices and responses of weed communities
2020
Conservation agriculture is a farming system based on the continuous and simultaneous application of three principles: minimal soil disturbance, continuous residue cover on the soil surface and diverse crop rotations. Adoption of this form of sustainable agriculture in France since the 2000s has been hampered by a number of constraints, including the development and management of weed populations. From an agronomic point of view, the adoption of conservation agriculture and associated abandonment of tillage results in a significant loss of weed management practices for farmers. From an ecological point of view, its application can modify all the assembly processes that act on weed communiti…
Identification of Traits Implicated in the Rhizosphere Competence of Fluorescent Pseudomonads: Description of a Strategy Based on Population and Mode…
2009
E-book; International audience; The lack of consistency of the beneficial effects of inoculated fluorescent pseudomonads has often been related to their bad survival in the rhizosphere. In this review, we describe the strategy followed over the last decade to study traits involved in the rhizosphere competence of these bacteria. The diversity of indigenous populations associated with plant roots was first compared to that of populations associated with uncultivated soils in order to identify traits that discriminate these populations. The involvement of these bacterial traits in the rhizosphere competence was then assessed by comparing the competitiveness of a wild-type strain to that of mu…
Conception de systèmes Agricoles Agroécologiques à l'échelle d'un territoire
2013
National audience; Les présentations et discussions sont orientées vers des aspects à la fois fondamentaux et appliqués de la recherche pour la conception de systèmes de culture durables. Il s'agit d'harmoniser les avancées les plus récentes dans les domaines aussi variés que la génétique, l'agronomie, l'agro-écologie et l'écologie du paysage avec les réflexions des acteurs de l'agriculture. Nous souhaitons que ces journées soient une opportunité pour les chercheurs et les doctorants de l'UMR agro-écologie d'échanger et de prendre des contacts avec des chercheurs d'autres unités et instituts, et d'établir des liens entre la science et les acteurs socio-économiques. Le workshop sera l'occasi…
Bioalternatives to chemicals in plant production and in cleaning up the environment: hopes and reality
2012
Mycorrhiza-induced resistance againsta root-rot pathogen in petunia: molecular mechanisms
2012
Cultiver sans herbicides? Possible dit l'INRA
2012
EA EcolDur CT1 Interview article par S. Huet
INRA - 10 ans d'essais de systèmes de culture en protection intégrée - La Flore adventice est maîtrisable par les techniques alternatives aux herbici…
2012
EA EcolDur CT1 D'après le communiqué du service de presse de l'INRA "10 ans d'expérimentation à l'INRA de Dijon en protection intégrée. Comment réduire l'utilisation d'herbicides en grande culture." (interview de N. Munier-Jolain, film 2 min.); National audience