Search results for "diversity"
showing 10 items of 3950 documents
Cooperative Medium Access Control in Wireless Networks: The Two-Hop Case
2009
Cooperative communication has been recently proposed as a powerful means to improve network performance in wireless networks. However, most existing work focuses solely on one-hop source-destination cooperation. In this paper, we propose a novel cooperative MAC mechanism that is specially designed for two-hop cooperation communications where the source node and the destination node cannot hear each other directly. In this case, cooperative communication is operated in a two-hop manner and transmit-diversity is achieved by the reception of the same data packet forwarded through multiple relays towards a single destination. The proposed scheme employs an efficient relay selection algorithm to…
An optimal energy efficient cooperative retransmission MAC scheme in wireless networks
2011
While the benefits of cooperative diversity have been well studied in the literature, cooperative MAC protocol design has also attracted much attention recently. In the single-relay Cooperative Automatic Repeat reQuest (C-ARQ) protocol, the best relay node is selected in a distributed manner by relays using different backoff time before packet retransmission. However, this relay selection scheme does not work efficiently in a dense network scenario, due to possible high collision probability among different contending relays. In this paper, we propose an optimized relay selection scheme to maximize system energy efficiency by reducing collision probability. The energy efficiency performance…
How Quickly Can We Predict Users’ Ratings on Aesthetic Evaluations of Websites? Employing Machine Learning on Eye-Tracking Data
2020
This study examines how quickly we can predict users’ ratings on visual aesthetics in terms of simplicity, diversity, colorfulness, craftsmanship. To predict users’ ratings, first we capture gaze behavior while looking at high, neutral, and low visually appealing websites, followed by a survey regarding user perceptions on visual aesthetics towards the same websites. We conduct an experiment with 23 experienced users in online shopping, capture gaze behavior and through employing machine learning we examine how fast we can accurately predict their ratings. The findings show that after 25 s we can predict ratings with an error rate ranging from 9% to 11% depending on which facet of visual ae…
Statistical properties of the capacity of Rice channels with MRC and EGC
2009
In this paper, we have studied the statistical properties of the capacity of Rice channels for both maximal ratio combining (MRC) and equal gain combining (EGC) schemes. We have analyzed the effect of the number of diversity branches and the amplitude of the line-of-sight (LOS) components in the diversity branches on the statistics of the channel capacity. Specifically, we have derived analytical expressions for the probability density function (PDF), cumulative distribution function (CDF), level-crossing rate (LCR), and average duration of fades (ADF) of the capacity of Rice channels when using MRC and EGC. It is observed that if the number of diversity branches or the amplitude of the LOS…
Diversity of the selected elements of agricultural potential in the European Union countries
2020
Agricultural importance in determining the directions of respective regions results from its production potential. The agricultural potential of a given country is determined by natural resources, ways of using them, natural conditions, workforce resources, technical resources and basic economic conditions. In this paper, only income and rural population are taken under consideration to describe the agricultural potential. Currently, European Union countries are functioning under the assumptions of the Common Agricultural Policy, assuming, among other things, increasing agricultural productivity, ensuring an adequate standard of living for the rural population and stabilising markets. The E…
The Silent Board: How Language Diversity May Influence the Work Processes of Corporate Boards
2014
Manuscript Type Empirical. Research Question/Issue Corporate boards often change their working language when they acquire foreign members. Consequently, boards �talk� in one language but �think� in another. The present study explores and explains how language diversity influences work processes of corporate boards. Research Findings/Insights On the basis of a multiple case study of nine multinational corporations (MNCs) from four Nordic countries, we discovered evidence of impoverished and silenced discussions in board meetings in those case companies that were unprepared to switch to English as the new working language of the board. Some board members found it difficult to contribute to bo…
Artificial Social Ethics: Simulating Culture, Conflict, and Cooperation
2020
In recent years advances in computational modeling and social simulation technologies have enabled scientists to identify some of the conditions under which – and the mechanisms by which – conflict and cooperation within and across human cultures are likely to emerge. There are significant ethical concerns surrounding the increased capacity and growing use of such computer tools to guide public policy discussions. The purpose of this paper is to propose and promote an "artificial social ethics" approach to addressing these concerns and illustrate its application in relation to three agent-based models implemented within the Artificial Society Analytics Platform. We conclude with a brief dis…
Medizinethische Aspekte im Umgang mit muslimischen Patienten
2007
In today's world, the plurality of values is considered to be a constitutive feature of modern societies. In these societies, transcultural patient-physician relationships are a part of daily medical practice. Culturally determined value systems can be crucial for understanding the perception of notions such as "health" and "illness", leading to fundamental differences in assessing medical interventions and therapeutic objectives. Therefore, transcultural conflicts of interest are presenting medical ethical decision-making with new challenges. Time and again, medical practice demonstrates that cultural differences between physician and patient are correlated with the complexity of medical e…
Las organizaciones solidarias un análisis de su naturaleza y significado a la luz del caso valenciano
2018
Las organizaciones de voluntariado están recibiendo una creciente atención por parte de los analistas de la acción colectiva. Para unos, en su fulgurante auge reciente, se manifiesta la estrategia privatizadora del Estado de Bienestar; para otros, son expresión de un nuevo movimiento social. En este artículo los autores utilizan la amplia evidencia reunida en el caso valenciano, mediante distintas estrategias de exploración (entrevistas abiertas, encuestas, análisis de casos), para someter a examen dichas tesis. El resultado obtenido muestra más bien la heterogeneidad, disparidad y diversidad de organizaciones existentes, su reducido tamaño de recursos y su exigua articulación interna. Los …
Floral Diversity and Pollen Transfer Mechanisms in Bird-pollinated Salvia Species
2007
† Background and Aims Bird-pollinated (ornithophilous) Salvia species (sages) transfer pollen either by means of a staminal lever mechanism or by immovable stamens. As the distribution of the two modes within the genus is not known, we present a survey of all ornithophilous sages. The main focus is given to floral diversity especially with respect to functional lever morphology. Thereby the hypothesis is tested that, due to a pollinator shift from bees to birds, the lever mechanism became unnecessary. † Methods To get a general idea about the diversity of pollen transfer mechanisms, 186 ornithophilous Salvia species were classified according to the functional morphology of the stamen and th…