Search results for "dopamine"

Binge eating and psychostimulant addiction.

2021

Many of the various factors, characteristics, and variables involved in the addictive process can determine an individual's vulnerability to develop drug addiction. Hedonic eating, based on pleasure rather than energy needs, modulates the same reward circuits, as do drugs of abuse. According to the last report of the World Health Organization, the worldwide obesity rate has more than doubled since 1980, reaching especially critical levels in children and young people, who are overexposed to high-fat, high-sugar, energy-dense foods. Over the past few decades, there has been an increase in the number of studies focused on how eating disorders can lead to the development of drug addiction and …

The influence of dopamine on hemodynamics, microcirculation and renal function in patients with hypnotic drug intoxication

1976

The effect of dopamine on hemodynamics (CO, AoPm, TPR, SV, SW, CVP, PAPm, PAEDP), microcirculation (MBF, PS-product) and renal function (VU, CKI, CNa, CK, Cosm, TcH2O) was studied in 8 patients with hypnotic drug poisoning. With increasing doses of dopamine, cardiac output and heart rate increased and the peripheral resistance decreased. An augmentation of stroke volume and left ventricular stroke work was observed in the low dose range only (200--400 mug/min). With increasing doses, central venous pressure as well as mean pulmonary artery pressure and enddiastolic pulmonary artery pressure decreased. No vasoconstriction was found in muscle tissue vessels even with large doses of dopamine. …

Inhibition of Peripheral Dopamine Metabolism and the Ventilatory Response to Hypoxia in the Rat

2014

Dopamine (DA) is a putative neurotransmitter in the carotid body engaged in the generation of the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR). However, the action of endogenous DA is unsettled. This study seeks to determine the ventilatory effects of increased availability of endogenous DA caused by inhibition of DA enzymatic breakdown. The peripheral inhibitor of MAO – debrisoquine, or COMT – entacapone, or both combined were injected to conscious rats. Ventilation and its responses to acute 8 % O2 in N2 were investigated in a whole body plethysmograph. We found that inhibition of MAO augmented the hyperventilatory response to hypoxia. Inhibition of COMT failed to influence the hypoxic response. Ho…

Ethical challenges in cell-based interventions for neurological conditions: some lessons to be learnt from clinical transplantation trials in patient…

2009

Effects of L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan on the cardiovascular and endocrine system in humans

1990

Brain catecholamine and serotonin neurons are intimately involved in a number of relevant physiological functions such as cardiovascular regulation, neuroendocrine output from the anterior pituitary (e.g. ACTH, prolactin), regulation of behavior (e.g. aggression, sleep, locomotor and sexual behavior), mood or appetite control [1–5]. The modification of transmitter synthesis and release appears to be remarkably correlated with the subsequent physiological changes observed. While there are numerous pharmacological approaches that affect the respective neurotransmitter products (i.e. the catecholamines dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline and the indoleamine serotonin), one particular attrac…

Effects of Chronic Social Defeat Stress on Behavior and Dopamine Receptors in Adolescent Mice With 6-Hydroxydopamine Lesions of the Medial Prefrontal…

2021

Background: Social stress factors in schizophrenia have long-term effects, but will only induce symptoms in a portion of individuals, even if exposed to identical stress.Methods: In the current experiment, we examined mice with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) injury to select for members of a “stress-susceptible group,” and observed the changes in their behavior and the expression of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in the amygdala and hippocampus.Results: We observed that after chronic social defeat stress, 72.6% of the 6-OHDA lesioned mice exhibited stress response to aggressors, compared to 52.3% of the blank control group. Both the 6-OHDA lesion + social…

D1 receptors play a major role in the dopamine modulation of mouse ileum contractility

2010

Since the role of dopamine in the bowel motility is far from being clear, our aim was to analyse pharmacologically the effects of dopamine on mouse ileum contractility. Contractile activity of mouse ileum was examined in vitro as changes in isometric tension. Dopamine caused a concentration-dependent reduction of the spontaneous contraction amplitude of ileal muscle up to their complete disappearance. SCH-23390, D1 receptor antagonist, which per se increased basal tone and amplitude of spontaneous contractions, antagonized the responses to dopamine, whilst sulpiride or domperidone, D2 receptor antagonists, were without effects. The application of both D1 and D2 antagonists had additive effe…

Will it ever become possible to prevent dopaminergic neuronal degeneration?

2008

Parkinsons disease (PD) is the second leading age-related degenerative brain disease in the world affecting millions of people. This neurological disorder disrupts the quality of life of patients and their families, exerts an enormous emotional and physical strain on caregivers, and has a large cost for society. Moreover, the increasing numbers of elderly people in the population will result in a sharp increase in the prevalence of PD. The understanding of its pathophysiology and treatment has advanced at a very impressive rate during past decades. Nevertheless, PD is still fatal and there is at present no cure for it. Furthermore, there are no proven therapies for prevention of PD and alth…

The incidence of psychotic disorders among migrants and minority ethnic groups in Europe: findings from the multinational EU-GEI study

2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Europe, the incidence of psychotic disorder is high in certain migrant and minority ethnic groups (hence: ‘minorities’). However, it is unknown how the incidence pattern for these groups varies within this continent. Our objective was to compare, across sites in France, Italy, Spain, the UK and the Netherlands, the incidence rates for minorities and the incidence rate ratios (IRRs, minorities v. the local reference population).MethodsThe European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene–Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study was conducted between 2010 and 2015. We analyzed data on incident cases of non-organic psychosis (International Classification of …

Effects of Different Opioid Receptor Antagonists on the Electrically-Evoked Release of Endogenous Dopamine from the Isolated Neural Lobe of the Rat P…

2009

Abstract Isolated neural lobes of the rat pituitary gland were incubated in Krebs-HEPES solution which contained the dopamine uptake inhibitor GBR 12921 and in some experiments additionally pargyline. The release of endogenous dopamine evoked by electrical stimulation of the pituitary stalk was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. (+/-)- Naloxone increased the evoked dopamine release maximally by 440% (EC(50) 209 nM). The (+)-enantiomer of naloxone (up to 10 muM) did not affect the release of dopamine. The preferential kappa-opioid receptor antagonist MR 2266 increased the evoked dopamine release maximally by 135% (EC(50) 7 nM). MR 2267, the i…