Search results for "drosophila"
showing 10 items of 782 documents
Three decades of pheromonal research in Drosophila: some answers and many questions
2012
International audience; Over the last 30 years, pheromonal research in Drosophila has considerably expanded from the pioneering characterization of contact sex-pheromones in D. melanogaster adults1 right up to the recent discovery of the receptor proteins for these compounds.2,. The two sides of pheromonal communication – production and perception – have been explored using molecular, genetic, cellular, biochemical, physiological, ethological and evolutionary approaches3. Developmental and environmental effects on hydrocarbon production and the mechanisms underlying the plasticity of their perception have been also investigated3. Over the past few years, there has been a particular focus on…
Photoperiodic regulation of life-history traits before and after eclosion: egg-to-adult development time, juvenile body weight and reproductive diapa…
2012
Photoperiod is the main environmental cue used by northern insects to predict the forthcoming seasonal changes and to adjust their life-history traits to fit these changes. We studied the effects of photoperiod on egg-to-adult development time, juvenile body mass and female reproductive diapause in two northern Drosophila montana populations with different patterns of voltinism. The most interesting findings were consistent between the populations: (1) when maintained before eclosion in short day conditions, representing early autumn, the flies developed faster and were lighter than when maintained in long day conditions, representing early summer, (2) photoperiodic time measurement is appa…
Northern Drosophila montana flies show variation both within and between cline populations in the critical day length evoking reproductive diapause
2013
Reproductive diapause, and its correct timing, plays an important role in the life cycle of many insect species living in a seasonally varying environment at high latitudes. In the present paper we have documented variation in the critical day length (CDL) for adult reproductive diapause and the steepness of photoperiodic response curves (PPRCs) in seven clinal populations of Drosophila montana in Finland between the latitudes 61 and 67°N, paying special attention to variation in these traits within and between cline populations. The isofemale lines representing these populations showed a sharp transition from 0% to 100% in females' diapause incidence in the shortening day lengths, indicate…
Function of odorant-binding proteins in the Drosophila melanogaster chemoreception
2017
National audience; Function of odorant-binding proteins in the Drosophila [i]melanogaster[/i] chemoreception. 18. rencontre du Club de neurobiologie des invertébrés
Data from: The effect of inbreeding rate on fitness, inbreeding depression and heterosis over a range of inbreeding coefficients
2014
Understanding the effects of inbreeding and genetic drift within populations and hybridization between genetically differentiated populations is important for many basic and applied questions in ecology and evolutionary biology. The magnitudes and even the directions of these effects can be influenced by various factors, especially by the current and historical population size (i.e., inbreeding rate). Using Drosophila littoralis as a model species, we studied the effect of inbreeding rate over a range of inbreeding levels on 1) mean fitness of a population (relative to that of an outbred control population), 2) within-population inbreeding depression (reduction in fitness of offspring from …
Mejora de la actividad de un hexapéptido anti-DM1 y análisis de las relaciones entre estructura y actividad de hexapéptidos de secuencia similar
2020
La distrofia miotónica de tipo 1 (DM1) es una enfermedad genética hereditaria autosómica dominante provocada por la expansión del triplete CTG dentro de la región 3' UTR del gen DMPK. Aunque se trata de una enfermedad multisistémica, la afectación del músculo esquelético es una de las manifestaciones clínicas más característica de los pacientes con DM1. Los pacientes presentan miotonía, debilidad de la musculatura facial y de las extremidades y atrofia muscular progresiva. El mecanismo patogénico de esta enfermedad reside en el efecto tóxico del RNA transcrito a partir del alelo expandido, que precipita en el núcleo en foci ribonucleares e interfiere con el correcto funcionamiento de varias…
Strength of sexual and postmating prezygotic barriers varies between sympatric populations with different histories and species abundances
2019
The impact of different reproductive barriers on species or population isolation may vary in different stages of speciation depending on evolutionary forces acting within species and through species’ interactions. Genetic incompatibilities between interacting species are expected to reinforce prezygotic barriers in sympatric populations and lead to cascade reinforcement between conspecific populations living within and outside the areas of sympatry. We tested these predictions and studied whether and how the strength and target of reinforcement between Drosophila montana and Drosophila flavomontana vary between sympatric populations with different histories and species abundances. All barri…
Composition répulsive et utilisations
2021
La présente invention se rapporte à l'utilisation d’au moins un acide gras, avantageusement volatile et odorant, choisi dans le groupe 5 comprenant l’acide propionique, l’acide butyrique et/ou un dérivé de ceux-ci comme principe actif répulsif et/ou pour contrôler la reproduction de brachycères, et à l’utilisation d’une composition, en particulier phytosanitaire, comprenant au moins un acide gras, avantageusement volatile et odorant, choisi dans le groupe comprenant l’acide propionique, 10 l’acide butyrique et/ou un dérivé de ceux-ci comme principe actif répulsif et/ou pour contrôler la reproduction de brachycères avantageusement par olfaction, et non-insecticide. La présente invention trou…
Mtlinteracts with members of Egfr signaling and cell adhesion genes in the Drosophila eye
2011
Mtl is a member of the Rho family of small GTPases in Drosophila. It was shown that Mtl is involved in planar cell polarity (PCP) establishment, together with other members of the same family like Cdc42, Rac1, Rac2 and RhoA. However, while Rac1, Rac2 and RhoA function downstream of Dsh in Fz/PCP signaling and upstream of a JNK cassette, Mtl and Cdc42 do not. To determine the functional context of Mtl during PCP establishment in the Drosophila eye, we performed a loss-of-function screen to search for dominant modifiers of a sev>Mtl rough eye phenotype. In addition, genetic interaction assays with candidate genes were also carried out. Our results show that Mtl interacts genetically with memb…
Sexual selection on song and cuticular hydrocarbons in two distinct populations of Drosophila montana
2011
Sexual selection has the potential to contribute to population divergence and speciation. Most studies of sexual selection in Drosophila have concentrated on a single signaling modality, usually either courtship song or cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), which can act as contact pheromones. We have examined the relationship between both signal types and reproductive success using F1–3 offspring of wild- collected flies, raised in the lab. We used two populations of the Holarctic species Drosophila montana that represent different phylogeographic clades that have been separate for ca. 0.5 million years (MY), and differ to some extent in both traits. Here, we characterize the nature and identify …