Search results for "drought"

How to decrease the negative impact of water stress on soybean production : application of thuricin-17 and nod factors

2014

International audience; Climate change will most certainly result in increased drought stress events. Besides, water scarcity is already the abiotic stress most limiting to crop production and this is particularly relevant for drought-sensitive legumes. For example, a moderate level of water deficit can reduce soybean production by approximately 40%. In this context, the objective of this study was to develop a method involving the use of beneficial plant x microorganism interaction in order to reduce the impact of water stress on soybean production. In particular we investigated whether the application of two molecules (thuricin-17 or lipochitooligosaccharides (LCO)) produced by a Plant Gr…

Drought stress impacts the microbiota mediating iron dynamic in the pea rhizosphere

2022

Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, FranceMicrobiota, with their consortia of genomes, extend the genetic repertoires of host plants to form ‘extended genotypes’, resulting in extended host phenotypes. Trecently, the term ‘holobiont’, which encompasses the host plant plus its associated microbiota, has been proposedHow environmental properties impact both the plant and microbial components of the holobiont, and its phenotype, still remain to be explored.We addressed this question by testing the impact of different abiotic conditions (drought stress and soil pH) on plant and microbial phenotypes in relation to iron. Iron…

Effects of ecological flooding on the temporal and spatial dynamics of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and springtails (Collembola) in a pold…

2011

Within the scope of the Integrated Rhine Program an ecological flood gate and channel was inserted into the polder “Ingelheim” to enhance animal and plant diversity. In 2008, carabid beetles and springtails were collected, using pitfall traps, to measure the effects of ecological flooding and a strong precipitation event at a flood-disturbed and a dry location in this area. At both localities, xerophilic and mesophilic carabid beetle species were dominant throughout the study period. The total number of individuals of hygrophilic species was comparatively constant, while species number increased, partly due to the changed moisture conditions caused by ecological flooding and str…

Identification of Stress Associated microRNAs in

2019

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important crops around the world and also a model plant to study response to stress. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyse the microRNA (miRNA) profile of tomato plants undergoing five biotic and abiotic stress conditions (drought, heat, P. syringae infection, B. cinerea infection, and herbivore insect attack with Leptinotarsa decemlineata larvae) and one chemical treatment with a plant defence inducer, hexanoic acid. We identified 104 conserved miRNAs belonging to 37 families and we predicted 61 novel tomato miRNAs. Among those 165 miRNAs, 41 were stress-responsive. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to valida…

Upscaling leaf gas exchange measurements to the whole grapevine canopy: An update

2009

This review first revisits current knowledge about single-leaf function, viz. photosynthesis, chiefly in relation to environmental factors, that underscores the importance of multiple summer stresses. Emphasis is placed on the response different genotypes show under light and heat stress with or without soil-water shortage. Secondly, it tackles the thorny issue of extrapolating single-leaf readings to the whole-canopy level, with special reference to both methodological and physiological implications. Whole-canopy gas-exchange systems deliver and emphasise the usefulness of such an approach in achieving key research goals. One case in point is quantifying the amount and dynamics of canopy g…

Multiscale variation in drought controlled historical forest fire activity in the boreal forests of eastern Fennoscandia

2017

Forest fires are a key disturbance in boreal forests, and characteristics of fire regimes are among the most important factors explaining the variation in forest structure and species composition. The occurrence of fire is connected with climate, but earlier, mostly local-scale studies in the northern European boreal forests have provided little insight into fire-climate relationship before the modern fire suppression period. Here, we compiled annually resolved fire history, temperature, and precipitation reconstructions from eastern Fennoscandia from the mid-16th century to the end of the 19th century, a period of strong human influence on fires. We used synchrony of fires over the network…

Long-term decrease in Asian monsoon rainfall and abrupt climate change events over the past 6,700 years

2021

Significance The variability of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) is important for the functioning of ecological and societal systems at regional to continental scales, but the long-term evolution and interannual variability of this system is not well understood. Here, we present a stable isotope–based reconstruction of ASM variability covering 4680 BCE to 2011 CE. Superimposed on a gradual drying trend, a rapid drop in mean annual precipitation (>40%) toward persistently drier conditions occurred in ∼1675 BCE. This megadrought caused regional forest deterioration and enhanced aeolian activity affecting Chinese ecosystems. We argue that this abrupt aridification starting ∼2000 BCE triggered wa…

Evidence for a link between the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and annual asthma mortality rates in the US

2019

AbstractAn association between climatic conditions and asthma mortality has been widely assumed. However, it is unclear whether climatic variations have a fingerprint on asthma dynamics over long time intervals. The aim of this study is to detect a possible correlation between climatic indices, namely the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and asthma mortality rates over the period from 1950 to 2015 in the contiguous US. To this aim, an analysis of non-stationary and non-linear signals was performed on time series of US annual asthma mortality rates, AMO and PDO indices to search for characteristic periodicities. Results revealed that asthma death rates evalu…

Acquisition and processing of hydrometeorological data for drought monitoring and management

2007

Response of transgenic mannitol-producing tobacco plants to water deficit

2008

Transgenic mannitol-producing (+mtlD) and wild type (-mtlD) tobacco plants were exposed to water deficit to test whether mannitol is involved in drought stress protection. Rooted cuttings of -mtlD and +mtlD plants were fully irrigated (100% ET) or received 25% ET for 40 days, followed by 20 days of re-watering. Water deficit reduced RWC of both plant types starting on the 22nd day, total stem length of -mtlD 25% ET already after 11 days, whereas that of +mtlD 25% ET only after 34 days. After 30 days of deficit, a greater percentage of mature foliage was retained by +mtlD 25% ET compared to -mtlD 25% ET. Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase activity of +mtlD plants was not affected by water de…