Search results for "drug resistance"
showing 10 items of 953 documents
The human p53 gene mutated at position 249per se is not sufficient to immortalize human liver cells
1999
A particular point mutation of the tumor suppressor gene p53, namely a G→T transversion at the third base of codon 249, is frequently detected in primary hepatocellular carcinomas from patients living in areas where the levels of dietary exposure to aflatoxin B 1 and the rates of infection with the hepatitis B virus are very high. Very recently, a nontumorigenic liver epithelial cell line (HACL-1) with a finite life-span and expressing a number of hepatocyte-specific markers was established from a human hepatocellular adenoma in our laboratory. To analyze the role of mutated p53 in the immortalization of human liver cells, we transfected HACL-1 cells with an expression vector containing a h…
Traditionally used Thai medicinal plants: in vitro anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant activities.
2009
In order to assess traditional Thai claims about the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants and to select plants for future phytochemical research, nine plant species with anti-inflammatory uses were selected from Thai textbooks and assessed for their in vitro anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antioxidant activities.Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) inhibitory effects in stably transfected HeLa cells were determined by luciferase assay, and effects on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha in primary monocytes were assessed by ELISA. Cytotoxic activities were examined against HeLa cells, h…
Local dimensionality reduction and supervised learning within natural clusters for biomedical data analysis
2006
Inductive learning systems were successfully applied in a number of medical domains. Nevertheless, the effective use of these systems often requires data preprocessing before applying a learning algorithm. This is especially important for multidimensional heterogeneous data presented by a large number of features of different types. Dimensionality reduction (DR) is one commonly applied approach. The goal of this paper is to study the impact of natural clustering--clustering according to expert domain knowledge--on DR for supervised learning (SL) in the area of antibiotic resistance. We compare several data-mining strategies that apply DR by means of feature extraction or feature selection w…
The histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid sensitizes human hepatocellular carcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by TRAIL…
2009
Abstract This paper shows that the histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA sensitised at sub-toxic doses human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2, Hep3B and SK-Hep1) to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, while it was ineffective in primary human hepatocytes (PHHs). In particular in HCC cells SAHA increased the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5) and caused a decrement of c-Flip. These two modifications provoked in the presence of TRAIL the rapid production of TRAIL-DISC and the activation of caspase-8. Consequently SAHA/TRAIL combination induced many apoptotic events, such as a cleavage of Bid into tBid, dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase-3 with the consequent cleav…
TRAIL Triggers CRAC-Dependent Calcium Influx and Apoptosis through the Recruitment of Autophagy Proteins to Death-Inducing Signaling Complex
2021
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively kills various cancer cell types, but also leads to the activation of signaling pathways that favor resistance to cell death. Here, we investigated the as yet unknown roles of calcium signaling and autophagy regulatory proteins during TRAIL-induced cell death in leukemia cells. Taking advantage of the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) project, we first found that leukemia patients present a unique TRAIL receptor gene expression pattern that may reflect their resistance to TRAIL. The exposure of NB4 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells to TRAIL induces intracellular Ca2+ influx through a calcium rel…
Cytotoxicity of cardiotonic steroids in sensitive and multidrug-resistant leukemia cells and the link with Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase.
2015
Cardiotonic steroids have long been in clinical use for treatment of heart failure and are now emerging as promising agents in various diseases, especially cancer. Their main target is Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, a membrane protein involved in cellular ion homeostasis. Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase has been implicated in cancer biology by affecting several cellular events and signaling pathways in both sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells. Hence, we investigated the cytotoxic activities of 66 cardiotonic steroids and cardiotonic steroid derivatives in sensitive CCRF-CEM and multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells. Data were then subjected to quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis (QSA…
Induction of Human P-Glycoprotein in Caco-2 cells: Development of a Highly Sensitive Assay System for P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Drug Transport
2006
The aim of this work is to develop a highly sensitive assay system for P-gp-mediated transport by using two methods, induction of P-gp and short-term culture of Caco-2 cells. To induce P-gp in Caco-2 cells, cells were cultured in vinblastine-containing medium. The mRNA level of P-gp was approximately 7-fold higher in Caco-2 cells cultured with vinblastine (P-gp-induced Caco-2 cells) than in control cells. Western blot analysis showed a significant increase in P-gp expression. After cell differentiation, the mRNA level of P-gp was downregulated, however, P-gp-induced Caco-2 cells still possessed a 5.6-fold higher mRNA level of P-gp compared to control cells. Polarized transport of substrate …
Emergence of Aspergillus fumigatus azole resistance in azole-naïve patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their homes.
2017
Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (ARAF) has been reported in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but has not been specifically assessed so far. Here, we evaluated ARAF prevalence in azole-naïve COPD patients and their homes, and assessed whether CYP51A mutations were similar in clinical and environmental reservoirs. Sixty respiratory samples from 41 COPD patients with acute exacerbation and environmental samples from 36 of these patient's homes were prospectively collected. A. fumigatus was detected in respiratory samples from 11 of 41 patients (27%) and in 15 of 36 domiciles (42%). Cyp51A sequencing and selection on itraconazole medium of clinical (n = 68) and e…
Sequencing, De Novo Assembly and Annotation of the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Transcriptome
2012
Background. The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) is a major pest and a serious threat to potato cultivation throughout the northern hemisphere. Despite its high importance for invasion biology, phenology and pest management, little is known about L. decemlineata from a genomic perspective. We subjected European L. decemlineata adult and larval transcriptome samples to 454-FLX massively-parallel DNA sequencing to characterize a basal set of genes from this species. We created a combined assembly of the adult and larval datasets including the publicly available midgut larval Roche 454 reads and provided basic annotation. We were particularly interested in diapause-specific g…
Antimicrobial Lessons From a Large Observational Cohort on Intra-abdominal Infections in Intensive Care Units
2021
Severe intra-abdominal infection commonly requires intensive care. Mortality is high and is mainly determined by disease-specific characteristics, i.e. setting of infection onset, anatomical barrier disruption, and severity of disease expression. Recent observations revealed that antimicrobial resistance appears equally common in community-acquired and late-onset hospital-acquired infection. This challenges basic principles in anti-infective therapy guidelines, including the paradigm that pathogens involved in community-acquired infection are covered by standard empiric antimicrobial regimens, and second, the concept of nosocomial acquisition as the main driver for resistance involvement. I…