Search results for "dysfunction"

The mechanisms of thrombotic risk induced by hormone replacement therapy.

2001

Abstract Objective : To review the available information on the action of hormones on the mechanisms involved in thrombotic risk. Results and Conclusions : Thrombosis plays a crucial role in the genesis and progression of both coronary heart disease (CHD) and venous thromboembolic disease (VTED), the two main forms of cardiovascular disease. Two main determinants of the thromboembolic phenotype, hypercoagulable state and altered endothelium, accumulate much of the work performed on the influence of hormones on thrombosis. Information has accumulated mainly for oestrogens, but increasing evidences support a role for progestogens. The sensitivity of each of the three components of the hemosta…

A single loading dose of clopidogrel causes dose-dependent improvement of endothelial dysfunction in patients with stable coronary artery disease: Re…

2006

Clinical studies have demonstrated beneficial effects for clopidogrel in patients with atherothrombotic disease. Recent in vitro studies identified stimulating effects of clopidogrel on endothelial cells, pointing towards mechanisms of action beyond the inhibition of platelet aggregation. We hypothesized that in vivo use of clopidogrel improves endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Fifty-eight patients with CAD were randomly assigned to double-blinded oral administration of one single dose of clopidogrel 300 mg (C300) or 600 mg (C600), respectively. Endothelial function was assessed by measurement of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery befor…

Increased Platelet Sensitivity toward Platelet Inhibitors during Physical Exercise in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

1999

Generalized atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD) are associated with endothelial dysfunction and during acute myocardial ischemia platelet activation has been reported. Activated platelets exert activated fibrinogen receptors (GP IIb/IIIa) and express CD 62p being regarded as reliable marker for platelet activation. Patients with angiographically proven CAD performed a bicycle exercise test until the onset of angina or ST-segment depression. We studied the ischemia-induced alterations in fibrinogen binding to activated platelet GP IIb/IIIa receptors and CD 62p expression. Therefore, the basal fibrinogen binding to GP IIb/IIIa and CD 62p expression and the thrombin-concentration…

ABSENCE OF AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SHORT-TERM BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY AND MILD RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS.

2014

Introduction: Studies investigating the prognostic implications of short-term blood pressure (BP) variability (STBPV), expressed as standard deviation (SD) and assessed by noninvasive 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), yielded conflicting results. In last years further indices of STBPV have been proposed. Among these, the 24-h BP average real variability (ARV) seems to be associated with an increased cardiovascular risk more closely than the SD. Little is known about the association between mild renal dysfunction (MRD) and STBPV, and particularly between 24-h BP ARV and MRD. Aim: To analyse, in a group of essential hypertensives, the relationships between MRD and STBPV, expressed as SD o…

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SHORT-TERM BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY AND EARLY RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN HYPERTENSION

2014

The prognostic significance of short–term blood pressure (BP) variability (STBPV), expressed as standard deviation (SD) of blood pressures (BP) intermittently recorded over 24 hours, is debated. Recently, indices of STBPV other than SD have been proposed. Among these, the 24-h BP Average Real Variability (ARV) seems to be associated more consistently than SD with an enhanced cardiovascular risk. The relationship between mild-to-moderate renal dysfunction (MMRD) and ARV was not investigated. Our study was aimed to analyse, in a large group of untreated essential hypertensives, the relationships between ARV, and other STBV indices, with MMRD. We enrolled 329 essential hypertensive patients, w…

Blood pressure and glycaemia, not insulin-resistance, influence endothelial dysfunction in metabolic syndrome

2005

Progressive Development of Renal Vascular Dysfunction in Brain Death Implicates Reversible Alterations of Nitric Oxide Metabolism

2011

Vascular endothelial dysfunction occurs in the kidney graft from marginal brain death (BD) donors and may be responsible for a low success rate after transplantation.BD was induced in 16 dogs for 6 hours. Immediately after the inflation of the intracranial balloon, the treated group (n = 8) received 40 mg/kg bolus followed by 3 mg/kg/min infusion of L-arginine for 30 minutes. Renal vascular function and hemodynamic and biochemical parameters were determined.BD caused vasoconstriction, increase in renal venous nitrite (4.9 ± 0.8 versus 2.6 ± 0.1, P.05) and myeloperoxidase levels (1.43 ± 0.04 versus 2.43 ± 0.23, P.001), and reduced vasodilatation of renal artery to acetylcholine. Larginine di…

Impaired cognitive control in patients with brain tumors

2021

Though the assessment of cognitive functions is proven to be a reliable prognostic indicator in patients with brain tumors, some of these functions, such as cognitive control, are still rarely investigated. The objective of this study was to examine proactive and reactive control functions in patients with focal brain tumors and to identify lesioned brain areas more at "risk" for developing impairment of these functions. To this end, a group of twenty-two patients, candidate to surgery, were tested with an AX-CPT task and a Stroop task, along with a clinical neuropsychological assessment, and their performance was compared to that of a well-matched healthy control group. Although overall ac…

2015

The recombinant form of tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is the only curative treatment for ischemic stroke. Recently, t-PA has been linked to the metabolism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a major neurotrophin involved in post-stroke neuroplasticity. Thus, the objective of our study was to investigate the impact of rt-PA treatment on post-stroke circulating BDNF levels in humans and in animals. Serum BDNF levels and t-PA/plasmin activity were measured at hospital admission and at up to 90 days in stroke patients receiving (n = 24) or not (n = 14) rt-PA perfusion. We investigated the relationships between serum BDNF with concurrent t-PA/plasmin activity, neurological outcom…

Buerger`s Disease and Hyperhomocysteinemia: Is there a Relationship?

2009

Thromboangiitis obliterans, also known as Buerger's disease, is a cause of juvenile lower limb ischaemia. Buerger's disease is idiopathic and one of diagnostic criteria is the absence of atherosclerotic risk factors other than smok- ing. A possible involvement of thrombophilia has been investigated and the role of hyperhomocysteinemia is still matter of discussion. We describe 9 patients with Buerger's disease followed-up for the past 3 years. We found a significant in- crease in circulating homocysteine levels (mean: 31.6 in patients vs 8.2 μmol/L in control subjects). We also analyzed the C677T mutation of MTHFR; 5/9 Buerger's patients were heterozygotes and 4/9 homozygotes for the mutati…