Search results for "dysfunction"
showing 10 items of 1129 documents
A compensatory model to understand dysfunctional personality traits in problematic gaming: The role of vulnerable narcissism
2020
Abstract According to a “compensatory perspective”, this study aimed to examine the role of narcissism (both vulnerable and grandiose) in the relationship between emotion dysregulation, escapism motivation to play, and problematic gaming. In a sample of 405 World of Warcraft players, we tested a multiple mediation model in which the relationship between vulnerable/grandiose narcissism and problematic gaming was mediated by emotion dysregulation and escapism. Results showed that the model for vulnerable (but not grandiose) narcissism fitted the data very well. This study adds novel insight to our understanding of the mechanisms that support problematic gaming, suggesting that the emotion dys…
Cognitive impairment and consumption of mental healthcare resources in outpatients with bipolar disorder.
2020
Cognitive dysfunction is a major predictor of functional outcomes, and loss of occupational functioning is usually linked with a higher cost of illness. However, the association between cognitive impairment and consumption of health resources has not been studied in bipolar disorder to date. This study aims to examine this relationship. This is an observational, retrospective study of a representative sample of euthymic outpatients between 18 and 55 years, fulfilling DSM 5 criteria for bipolar disorder and recruited at a catchment area in Spain. Cognitive performance was screened with the Spanish version of the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP-S), and several variables of…
Adaptogens in chemobrain (Part I): Plant extracts attenuate cancer chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment – Transcriptome-wide microarray profiles…
2019
Abstract Background Cancer chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments are presumably associated with undesirable effects of chemotherapy on physiological functions of brain cells. Adaptogens are natural compounds or plant extracts increasing an organism's adaptability and survival in stress. They exhibited neuroprotective effects and increased cognitive functions in clinical studies in human beings. Hypothesis We hypothesized that selected adaptogenic plant extracts attenuate or prevent cancer chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments. Aim We assessed the effects of selected adaptogenic herbal extracts on FEC (fixed combination 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide) induced chang…
Classification, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction.
2022
Coronary microvascular dysfunction represents a widespread disease which is highly disabling for the patient, who constantly presents angina [...]
Heterozygous deficiency of manganese superoxide dismutase in mice (Mn-SOD+/-): a novel approach to assess the role of oxidative stress for the develo…
2005
Nitroglycerin (GTN)-induced tolerance was reported to be associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria. In the present study, we further investigated the role of ROS for the development of nitrate tolerance by using heterozygous manganese superoxide dismutase knock-out mice (Mn-SOD+/-). Mn-SOD is acknowledged as a major sink for mitochondrial superoxide. Vasodilator potency of mouse aorta in response to acetylcholine and GTN was assessed by isometric tension studies. Mitochondrial ROS formation was detected by 8-amino-5-chloro-7-phenylpyrido[3,4-d]pyridazine-1,4-(2H,3H)dione sodium salt (L-012)-enhanced chemiluminescence and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydro…
Manganese superoxide dismutase and aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency increase mitochondrial oxidative stress and aggravate age-dependent vascular dys…
2008
AimsImbalance between pro- and antioxidant species (e.g. during aging) plays a crucial role for vascular function and is associated with oxidative gene regulation and modification. Vascular aging is associated with progressive deterioration of vascular homeostasis leading to reduced relaxation, hypertrophy, and a higher risk of thrombotic events. These effects can be explained by a reduction in free bioavailable nitric oxide that is inactivated by an age-dependent increase in superoxide formation. In the present study, mitochondria as a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the contribution of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, SOD-2) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-2) were inves…
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Their Role in Age-Related Vascular Dysfunction
2015
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is significantly increased in the older population. Risk factors and predictors of future cardiovascular events such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, or diabetes are observed with higher frequency in elderly individuals. A major determinant of vascular aging is endothelial dysfunction, characterized by impaired endothelium-dependent signaling processes. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress, loss of nitric oxide (•NO) signaling, loss of endothelial barrier function and infiltration of leukocytes to the vascular wall, explaining the low-grade inflammation characteristic for the aged vasculature. We here disc…
Pathophysiological role of oxidative stress in systolic and diastolic heart failure and its therapeutic implications
2015
Abstract Systolic and diastolic myocardial dysfunction has been demonstrated to be associated with an activation of the circulating and local renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), and with a subsequent inappropriately increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While, at low concentrations, ROS modulate important physiological functions through changes in cellular signalling and gene expression, overproduction of ROS may adversely alter cardiac mechanics, leading to further worsening of systolic and diastolic function. In addition, vascular endothelial dysfunction due to uncoupling of the nitric oxide synthase, activation of vascular and phagocytic membrane oxidases or mit…
Potential of the EPA/DHA 6/1 formulation to prevent endothelial dysfunction and cardiopulmonary remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats
2016
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by remodeling of the small pulmonary arteries leading to a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular failure. Pulmonary endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress promote the development of pulmonary hypertension. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) have been shown to protect the cardiovascular system and reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. The present study evaluate the potential of EPA:DHA 6:1 to prevent monocrotaline-induced PAH in rats. EPA:DHA 6:1 treatment (500 mg/kg/d, p.o) prevented the MCT-induced mean pul…
Addressing sleep problems and cognitive dysfunctions in comprehensive rehabilitation for chronic musculoskeletal pain
2015
Comment on Sleep, pain and exercise: An integrative perspective on neuroscience education: Comments on article titled "Exercise therapy for chronic musculoskeletal pain: Innovation by altering pain memories". [Man Ther. 2015] Exercise therapy for chronic musculoskeletal pain: Innovation by altering pain memories. [Man Ther. 2015]