Search results for "dysfunction"
showing 10 items of 1129 documents
Stress Echocardiography and Strain in Aortic Regurgitation (SESAR protocol): Left ventricular contractile reserve and myocardial work in asymptomatic…
2020
Objectives: To analyze left ventricular (LV) myocardial deformation and contractile reserve (CR) in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation (AR) at rest and during exercise, and their correlation with functional capacity. Background: The natural history of chronic AR is characterized by a prolonged silent phase before onset of symptoms and overt LV dysfunction. Assessment of LV systolic function and contractile reserve has an important role in the decision-making of AR asymptomatic patients. Methods: Standard echo, lung ultrasound, and LV 2D speckle tracking strain were performed at rest and during exercise in asymptomatic patients with severe AR and in age- and sex-comparabl…
Musashi-2 contributes to myotonic dystrophy muscle dysfunction by promoting excessive autophagy through miR-7 biogenesis repression
2021
Skeletal muscle symptoms strongly contribute to mortality of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) patients. DM1 is a neuromuscular genetic disease caused by CTG repeat expansions that, upon transcription, sequester the Muscleblind-like family of proteins and dysregulate alternative splicing of hundreds of genes. However, mis-splicing does not satisfactorily explain muscle atrophy and wasting, and several other contributing factors have been suggested, including hyperactivated autophagy leading to excessive catabolism. MicroRNA ( miR ) -7 has been demonstrated to be necessary and sufficient to repress the autophagy pathway in cell models of the disease, but the origin of its low levels in DM1 was…
Longitudinal trajectories of emotions among athletes in sports competitions: Does emotional intelligence matter?
2021
Abstract Objectives This research explored whether several subgroups of athletes representing distinct emotional trajectories could be shown to exist within the latent class growth analysis (LCGA) of pleasant and unpleasant sport emotions (anger, anxiety, dejection, excitement, happiness). A secondary aim was to explore whether athletes belonging to distinct emotional trajectories reported distinct scores of trait-emotional intelligence (EI) at time 1 (T1). Design A longitudinal three-wave measurement design (beginning, middle, and end of a competitive season) was used in the present study. Method A sample of 460 athletes completed the sport emotion questionnaire across three measurement ti…
Ceylon cinnamon and its major compound Cinnamaldehyde can limit overshooting inflammatory signaling and angiogenesis in vitro: implications for COVID…
2021
AbstractOvershooting immune reactions can occur during inflammatory responses that accompany severe infections, such as COVID-19. Cytokines, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can generate positive feedback loops of inflammation, leading to long-term complications such as vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, endothelial dysfunction, neurological impairments, and chronic fatigue. Dexamethasone can limit inflammation by inhibiting the activation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors. High dose dexamethasone, however, has undesirable side effects. Here, we show that Ceylon cinnamon and its major compound cinnamaldehyde can mitigate infla…
Characterization of the Antioxidant Properties of Pentaerithrityl Tetranitrate (PETN)-Induction of the Intrinsic Antioxidative System Heme Oxygenase-…
2009
Organic nitrates are among the oldest and yet most commonly employed drugs in the chronic therapy of coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure. While they have long been used in clinical practise, our understanding of their mechanism of action and of their side effects remains incomplete. To date, the most commonly employed nitrates are isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN), isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), and nitroglycerin (GTN). Another nitrate, pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN), has long been employed in eastern European countries and is currently being reintroduced also in western countries. So far, PETN is the only organic nitrate in clinical use, which is devoid of induction of oxid…
Mechanisms of endothelial cell activation by endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol
2020
Abstract Background Endothelial dysfunction promotes atherogenesis, vascular inflammation, and thrombus formation. Reendothelialization after angioplasty is required in order to restore vascular function and to prevent stent thrombosis. The endocannabinoid (eCB) 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is a known modulator of inflammation. Earlier studies have demonstrated the relevance of this endocannabinoid in human pathophysiology during coronary artery disease and in murine experimental atherogenesis. However, evidence on the impact of 2-AG on endothelial cell function remains scarce. Methods Endothelial repair was studied in two treatment groups of wildtype mice following electrical denudation o…
Perceived impact of anger on performance of skilled karate athletes
2011
Abstract Objective Although previous research has provided evidence of the facilitating effects of anxiety upon athletic performance, research attention on the impact of other discrete emotions has been scarce. Therefore, this study, based on the Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) model ( Hanin, 2000 , Hanin, 2003 , Hanin, 2007 ) investigated anger and anger-related symptoms and the functional impact upon karate performance. Method High-level karate athletes (N = 20; M age = 24.95, 17–38 yrs. old) were asked to recall their best and worst performances and to identify from two to three significant situations prior to, during, and after both performances. They completed the state …
Vazodilatācijas intensitātes un insulīna rezistences rādītāju saistība ar endoteliālo (dis)funkciju raksturojošo signālmolekulu koncentrācijām hronis…
2013
ANOTĀCIJA Pētījuma mērķis ir noskaidrot smēķēšanas ierosināta iekaisuma un oksidatīvā stresa ietekmi uz insulīna rezistences un endotēlija disfunkcijas attīstību un to savstarpējo sakarību. Pētījumā piedalījās 128 dalībnieki (starp kuriem 52 personām konstatējām dislipidēmiju), kuriem tika noteiktas ar endotēlija funkcijām saistītu signālmolekulu seruma koncentrācijas, vazodilatācijas intensitāte ādas mikrocirkulācijā un insulīna rezistenci raksturojoši rādītāji. Rezultāti parādīja, ka smēķēšanas kumulatīvais efekts būtiski sekmē insulīna rezistences attīstību personām ar dislipidēmiju, bet smēķēšanas akūtais efekts caur iekaisuma signālmolekulām īslaicīgi samazina šūnu insulīna jutību neat…
Coach-created motivational climate and athletes’ adaptation to psychological stress : Temporal motivation-emotion interplay
2019
This two-wave study investigated the temporal interplay between motivation and the intensity and reported impact of athletes’ emotions in training settings. In total, 217 athletes completed self-report measures of motivational climate, motivation regulations, emotional states (i.e., pleasant states, anger, and anxiety) experienced before practice at two time points during a 3-month period. Latent change score modeling revealed significantly negative paths from task-involving climate at time 1 to the latent change in the intensity of dysfunctional anxiety and anger, and significantly positive paths from ego-involving climate at time 1 to the latent change in dysfunctional anger (i.e., intens…
Is Oxidative Stress the Link Between Cerebral Small Vessel Disease, Sleep Disruption, and Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in the Onset of Alzheimer’s Dis…
2021
Oxidative stress is an early occurrence in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and one of its proposed etiologic hypotheses. There is sufficient experimental evidence supporting the theory that impaired antioxidant enzymatic activity and increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) take place in this disease. However, the antioxidant treatments fail to stop its advancement. Its multifactorial condition and the diverse toxicological cascades that can be initiated by ROS could possibly explain this failure. Recently, it has been suggested that cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) contributes to the onset of AD. Oxidative stress is a central hallmark of CSVD and is depicted as …