Search results for "ecosystem"

Proposing a set of simulation-based indicators to assess harmfulness and biodiversity resulting from weeds in agroecosystems

2013

International audience; Weeds are both a harmful pest and an important trophic resource for many biotic components. Moreover, herbicide use must be reduced to limit its impact on environment and human health. Consequently, new cropping systems are needed that both maximise weed-related biodiversity and minimise weed harmfulness. Weed dynamics models are increasingly used to design innovative cropping systems but they only consider weed densities and/or crop yield loss. Thus, the objective of the present study was to develop a set of indicators to assess weed-related harmfulness and biodiversity and to connect them to the FLORSYS model. The FLORSYS model is to date the only multispecific wee…

Prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis in agroecosystems : analysis of potential environmental reservoirs (soil, fresh water, soil fauna and aquatic fauna…

2016

Bovine tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis. This disease affects cattle, and many species of domestic and wild mammals, and humans. The circulation of the bacteria in various multi-host systems promotes the maintenance of the disease and the contamination of cattle in the vicinity. Beside direct transmission of the bacteria through the respiratory route, indirect transmission, through inhalation or ingestion of environmental matrices contaminated by an infected animal excretory, is suspected in several countries. Environmental contamination with M. bovis appears to be a crucial factor in the persistence of the infection in multi-host systems. In Côte d'Or, a …

BioVine project - Increase plant health through mycorrhizal fungi

2021

National audience; Organic vineyards still rely on large external inputs to control harmful organisms. BIOVINEwill develop natural solutions based on plant diversity to control pests and reduce pesticidedependence. The capacity of plants of increasing the ecosystem resistance to pests and invasivespecies is a well-known ecosystem service. However, monocultures like vineyards do notexploit the potential of plant diversity. BIOVINE aims to develop new viticultural systemsbased on increased plant diversity within (e.g. cover crops) and/or around vineyards by plantingselected plant species for the control of arthropods, soil-borne pests (oomycetes, fungi,nematodes), and foliar pathogens. Candid…

Millennial-scale terrestrial ecosystem responses to Upper Pleistocene climatic changes: 4D-reconstruction of the Schwalbenberg Loess-Palaeosol-Sequen…

2021

Abstract Loess-Palaeosol-Sequences (LPS) in the Central European region provide outstanding terrestrial polygenetic and multiphase archives responding to past climate and environments over various spatial and temporal scales. As yet, however, the geomorphological and pedogenic processes involved in LPS formation, and their interplay with changes in ecological conditions, impede robust correlation with other palaeoenvironmental archives. The Schwalbenberg LPS, which drape a hillslope in the Middle Rhine Valley in western Central Europe, provide unique high-resolution records highly suitable for investigating the processes involved in their formation and the relationship to climatic influence…

Paris Biota: At the dawn of modern marine faunas?

2021

L'introuvable gouvernance des forêts

2023

La foresterie française est dans une impasse et souffre d'un manque de vision publique, l'État laissant les coudées franches aux propriétaires privés. Afin de poser les bases d'une filière forêt-bois vraiment durable, J.-P. Guyon plaide pour un abandon du principe de multifonctionnalité des forêts.

Taxonomic and Functional Clumping of Exotic Macroinvertebrates: the Case of French Inland Waters

2005

International audience

Invasion de Dikerogammarus villosus (Crustacé, Amphipode) dans les eaux continentales françaises : dynamiques et conséquences

2003

National audience

Extension rapide de l'aire de répartition de Dikerogammarus villosus (Crustacé, Amphipode) en France : Causes et conséquences

2003

International audience

Le Priming Effect dans le sol : mécanismes, acteurs et conséquences sur les services écosystémiques dans un contexte de changement global

2022

The priming effect (PE) is a key mechanism contributing to the carbon balance of the soil ecosystem. Almost 100 years of research since its discovery in 1926 have led to a rich body of scientific publications to identify the drivers and mechanisms involved. A few review articles have summarised the acquired knowledge; the last major one was published in 2010. Since then, knowledge on the soil microbial communities involved in PE and in PE + C sequestration mechanisms has been considerably renewed.This article reviews current knowledge on soil PE to state to what extent new insights may improve our ability to understand and predict the evolution of soil C stocks. We propose a framework to un…