Search results for "ectomycorrhiza"
showing 9 items of 19 documents
Inocybe castaneicolor (Agaricales, Basidiomycota), a new species in section Splendentes
2017
Inocybe castaneicolor sp. nov., collected in Sicily (Italy), is introduced with full description, line drawings, and color pho- tographs. Its novelty is supported by both its morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis. It is characterized by its castaneous brown pileus with an evident umbo and sloped margin, subfusiform cystidia and smooth subamygdaliformis to subnavicular spores. Comparison of I. castaneicolor with similar species is also provided.
The ectomycorrhizal community of Abies nebrodensis: preliminary results
2016
Abies nebrodensis (Lojac.) Mattei is a Critically Endangered forest tree included in Appendix I of the Bern Convention and as a priority species in Annexes II and IV of the Habitats Directive [1]. In situ and ex situ conservation strategies [2] and, more recently, a LIFE Natura project [3] allowed a marked improvement of health conditions of trees and of seedlings renewal. A first attempt to characterize the ectomycorrhizas of A. nebrodensis was carried out by Venturella & Rambelli [4]. In the frame of the activities of the II National Workshop of Ectomycorrhyza (Palermo, 2015), this paper reports the preliminary investigation carried out on the ectomycorrhyzal community of A. nebrodensis i…
Evolutionary transition to the ectomycorrhizal habit in the genomes of a hyperdiverse lineage of mushroom‐forming fungi
2022
International audience; Summary The ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis has independently evolved from diverse types of saprotrophic ancestors. In this study, we seek to identify genomic signatures of the transition to the ECM habit within the hyper-diverse Russulaceae. We present comparative analyses of the genomic architecture and the total and secreted gene repertoires of 18 species across the order Russulales of which 13 are newly sequenced, including a representative of a saprotrophic member of Russulaceae, Gloeopeniophorella convolvens. The genomes of ECM Russulaceae are characterized by a loss of genes for plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), an expansion of genome size through in…
Isolation and characterization of N transporters putatively involved in the Hebeloma cylindrosporum-Pinus pinaster ectomycorrhizal association
2007
International audience; Studies of nitrogen metabolism in ectomycorrhizas have demonstrated that the fungal symbiont plays a fully integrated role in plant root metabolism and participates actively in the assimilation and transfer of newly absorbed nitrogen compounds by transferring amino acids. In symbiotic associations, such as mycorrhizas, location of the symbiosis ensures that mycelial growth of the fungus into soil provides access to nutrients in the soil solution. Changes in the distribution and activity of membrane-bound transport proteins in response to symbiotic interactions need to be investigated. In recent years several genes from H. cylindrosporum and P. pinaster, putatively in…
Survival in the soil of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor and the effects of a mycorrhiza helper Pseudomonas fluorescens
2001
In disinfected forest nursery soils, inoculating Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings with the ectomycorrhizal fungal strain Laccaria bicolor S238N significantly increases tree growth after outplantating. However, the success of the inoculation depends on survival of the fungal inoculum in the soil during the pre-symbiotic life of the fungus. We followed the survival of L. bicolor S238N in autoclaved nursery soil in the glasshouse, and under gnotobiotic conditions in autoclaved or γ-irradiated nursery soil. We also studied the effect of the mycorrhiza helper bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens BBc6R8, which promotes the Douglas fir-L. bicolor S238N symbiosis, on fungal viability. In …
Does stump removal affect early growth and mycorrhizal infection of spruce (Picea abies) seedlings in clear-cuts?
2012
Abstract Stump removal procedure increases the extent of exposed mineral soil in the clear felled areas. In this study, our aim was to find out whether the early growth and mycorrhization of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings differ between stump removal and mounding sites. Stumps were harvested from five one-hectare study sites and other five sites were mounded after clear felling. Twenty seedlings were planted on mounds at each study site. Although the height of spruce seedlings did not differ between the treatments after three growing periods, their mean growth was ca. 10% higher at the stump removal sites. The community of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) in the seedling roots did n…
Liming induced stimulation of the amino acid metabolism in mycorrhizal roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.)
1995
Localization and activity of three enzymes involved in the amino acid metabolism of ectomycorrhizas were investigated within an interdisciplinary experiment performed in a mature Norway spruce stand in Southern Germany (Hoglwald). The enzymes NAD-glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase were present in root cells, whereas aminopeptidase was found in mycorrhizas of Norway spruce such as “Piceirhiza nigra” and those with the fungi Cenococcum geophilum, Elaphomyces sp., Russula ochroleuca and Tylospora sp. Mycorrhizas growing in the humus layer contained about double the amount of protein found in those taken from the upper mineral soil (0–5 cm).
Regulatory networks underlying mycorrhizal development delineated by genome-wide expression profiling and functional analysis of the transcription fa…
2017
Background: Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi develop a mutualistic symbiotic interaction with the roots of their host plants. During this process, they undergo a series of developmental transitions from the running hyphae in the rhizosphere to the coenocytic hyphae forming finger-like structures within the root apoplastic space. These transitions, which involve profound, symbiosis-associated metabolic changes, also entail a substantial transcriptome reprogramming with coordinated waves of differentially expressed genes. To date, little is known about the key transcriptional regulators driving these changes, and the aim of the present study was to delineate and functionally characterize the trans…
Survival, Growth and Mycorrhization of Containerised Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies Seedlings of Different Provenances Outplanted in a Forest Clear…
2017
Abstract We studied field performance of containerised Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seedlings of different provenances. Shoot height, needle chemical composition, root collar diameter, root mycorrhization and mycorrhizal species composition were evaluated after four growing seasons following outplanting. The results showed that in general spruce had better survival than pine. Ectomycorrhizas on spruce were dominated by Wilcoxina, Amphinema and Tylospora, while on pine — by Suillus and Thelephora species. Spruce and pine showing best growth rates were colonised by ectomycorrhizal fungus Amphinema sp. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that forest nursery practices as well as provena…