Search results for "electrodes"

Modifications of a nerve integrity monitor useful in skull base surgery.

1993

Hippocampal event-related potentials to pitch deviances in an auditory oddball situation in the cat: experiment I.

1995

Hippocampal event-related potentials (ERP) in the areas CA1, CA3, and dentate fascia (Df) were recorded in cats during an oddball situation when pitch deviant tones occurred in a series of standard tones. When difference waves were calculated by subtracting ERPs to the standard tones from those to the deviant tones, no clear N40d, corresponding to a cat analogue of the human mismatch negativity (MMN) observed in earlier studies, could be detected. Instead, a prominent later negativity (N130d) was observed. A possible extra-hippocampal source of the process reflected by the MMN-like negativity, and a relation between an orienting response (OR) and the N130d are discussed.

Gelled electrolyte for nanostructured lead-acid battery

2019

In recent years, the storage of energy produced by renewable sources has become a topic of great interest. Lead-acid batteries are widely used in this field, in particular those based on VRLA (Valve-Regulated-Lead Acid) technology, in which the electrolyte is immobilized inside the battery. In this paper, the use of a hydrogel as an electrolyte was considered. Hydrogel can be described as a three-dimensional network of a hydrophilic polymer that can absorb large amounts of water (or aqueous solutions) without dissolving. Pb and PbO2 nanostructured electrodes were used in the battery that used hydrogel as an electrolyte. Two different types of hydrogels were synthesised, both based on PVA th…

The relationship between visible light emission and species fraction of the hydrogen ion beams extracted from 2.45 GHz microwave discharge.

2015

The relationship between Balmer-α and Fulcher-band emissions with extracted H + , H + 2 , and H + 3 ions is demonstrated for a 2.45 GHz microwave discharge. Ion mass spectra and optical measurements of Balmer-α and Fulcher-band emissions have been obtained with a Wien Filter having an optical viewport on the plasma chamber axis. The beam of approximately 1 mA is analyzed for different plasma conditions simultaneously with the measurement of light emissions both with temporal resolution. The use of visible light emissions as a valuable diagnostic tool for monitoring the species fraction of the extracted beams is proposed. peerReviewed

Design and Characterization of Effective Ag, Pt and AgPt Nanoparticles to H₂O₂ Electrosensing from Scrapped Printed Electrodes.

2019

The use of disposable screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) has extraordinarily grown in the last years. In this paper, conductive inks from scrapped SPEs were removed by acid leaching, providing high value feedstocks suitable for the electrochemical deposition of Ag, Pt and Ag core-Pt shell-like bimetallic (AgPt) nanoparticles, onto screen-printed carbon electrodes (ML@SPCEs, M = Ag, Pt or AgPt, L = metal nanoparticles from leaching solutions). ML@SPCEs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results were compared to those obtained when metal nanoparticles were synthesised using standard solutions of metal salts (MS@…

Design and Characterization of Effective Ag, Pt and AgPt Nanoparticles to H2O2 Electrosensing from Scrapped Printed Electrodes

2019

The use of disposable screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) has extraordinarily grown in the last years. In this paper, conductive inks from scrapped SPEs were removed by acid leaching, providing high value feedstocks suitable for the electrochemical deposition of Ag, Pt and Ag core-Pt shell-like bimetallic (AgPt) nanoparticles, onto screen-printed carbon electrodes (ML@SPCEs, M = Ag, Pt or AgPt, L = metal nanoparticles from leaching solutions). ML@SPCEs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results were compared to those obtained when metal nanoparticles were synthesised using standard solutions of metal salts (MS@…

Development of microfluidics for sorting of carbon nanotubes

2018

Sorting of carbon nanotubes by their chirality is the current bottleneck in the way to their broad employment based on their exceptional electronic and optical properties. Despite the extensive effort, there is no known method, which would result in really pure chirality ensembles. Previously reported sorting protocols result in enrichment rather than in sorting, alter electronic structure, and suffer from low yield. This is mostly due to the statistical approach, where the nanotubes with mixed chiralities are treated as a set. In this thesis, we propose a new sorting technique based on nanotube-by-nanotube compartmelization, characterization, and sorting in a continuously running droplet-b…

Comparison of local electrochemical impedance measurements derived frombi-electrode and microcapillary techniques

2009

Abstract In the present paper, local electrochemical impedance spectra were obtained on a 316L stainless steel from two configurations: a dual microelectrode (bi-electrode) and microcapillaries. With the bi-electrode, the local impedance measurements were made from the ratio of the applied voltage to the local current density calculated from the application of the ohm's law. With the use of microelectrochemical cells, the specimen surface area in contact with the electrolyte is limited by the use of glass microcapillaries and the local impedance was defined from the ratio of the local potential to the local current restricted to the analysed surface area. Differences and similarities observ…

Considering lithium-ion battery 3D-printing via thermoplastic material extrusion and polymer powder bed fusion

2021

In this paper, the ability to 3D print lithium-ion batteries through thermoplastic material extrusion and polymer powder bed fusion is considered. Focused on the formulation of positive electrodes composed of polypropylene, LiFePO4 as active material, and conductive additives, advantages and drawbacks of both additive manufacturing technologies, are thoroughly discussed from the electrochemical, electrical, morphological and mechanical perspectives. Based on these preliminary results, strategies to further optimize the electrochemical performances are proposed. Through a comprehensive modeling study, the enhanced electrochemical suitability at high current densities of various complex three…

Electrochemical sensor for phosphate ions based on laser scriber reduced graphene oxide

2022

This preliminary work shows a new and innovative way to produce laser scribed reduced graphene oxide (LSGO) electrodes using different porous substrates (ranging from paper to plastic and fabric). The obtained electrodes were also tested as electrochemical sensors towards the detection of phosphate ions in water. To obtain the electrodes, a water suspension of GO was filtered on top of substrate (such as Whatman® filter paper) and a complete sensor was obtained from its reduction using a CO2 laser. The electrode is composed of working and counter electrodes made of LSGO and a reference electrode of a Ag/AgCl obtained by using a commercial AgCl conductive paste. Phosphate ions were detected …