Search results for "electron density"

showing 10 items of 428 documents

Physical Origin of Anharmonic Dynamics in Proteins: New Insights From Resolution-Dependent Neutron Scattering on Homomeric Polypeptides

2012

Neutron scattering reveals a complex dynamics in polypeptide chains, with two main onsets of anharmonicity whose physical origin and biological role are still debated. In this study the dynamics of strategically selected homomeric polypeptides is investigated with elastic neutron scattering using different energy resolutions and compared with that of a real protein. Our data spotlight the dependence of anharmonic transition temperatures and fluctuation amplitudes on energy resolution, which we quantitatively explain in terms of a two-site model for the protein-hydration water energy landscape. Experimental data strongly suggest that the protein dynamical transition is not a mere resolution …

PhysicsQuantitative Biology::BiomoleculesfluctuationsResolution (electron density)AnharmonicityProtein dynamical transitionProteinsGeneral Physics and AstronomyNeutron scatteringMolecular physicsPhase TransitionSettore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali Ambientali Biol.e Medicin)Neutron DiffractionComplex dynamicsAmplitudeModels ChemicalBiophysicsHomomericProtein dynamicConnection (algebraic framework)PeptidesEnergy (signal processing)
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Spatially resolved observation of dynamics in electrical and magnetic field distributions by means of a delayline detector and PEEM

2005

Abstract Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) was exploited to observe the dynamics in local field distributions on microstrip-line devices with a best time resolution of 133 ps. A delayline detector system served as imaging unit capable of a time resolving data acquisition and processing. The setup can be operated at the resolution limit of the PEEM of about 20 nm while a continuously illuminating UV-lamp excites the photoelectrons in threshold photoemission. A pulsed photon source is not needed to obtain time resolved images, the time reference of the data acquisition was taken by a periodic signal (clock, here typ. 100 MHz) in phase with the pulse pattern applied to the microstrip-li…

PhysicsRadiationClock signalbusiness.industryResolution (electron density)DetectorPhase (waves)Photoelectric effectCondensed Matter PhysicsAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsMagnetic fieldPhotoemission electron microscopyOpticsPhysical and Theoretical ChemistrybusinessLocal fieldSpectroscopyJournal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena
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Coronal magnetograms of solar active regions

2004

A series of coronal magnetograms, related to the active region NOAA 9068 is derived using the effects of the quasi-transverse (QT-) propagation at microwaves. In the assumption that the product of the electron density N and the scale of magnetic divergence Ld is constant and equal to 10 18 cm −2 , the sensitivity of the measurements peaks at B(G) ≈ 180 λ −4/3 (cm), where λ is the observational wavelength. The radio maps of the Sun taken with the Solar Siberian Radio Telescope (SSRT) at λ =5 .2 cm were sampled and converted into the 2D coronal magnetograms supplying absolute values of the total magnetic vector � B in the range 10 - 30 G. Each coronal magnetogram covers the portion of the mic…

PhysicsRadio telescopeElectron densityWavelengthMagnetogramSpace and Planetary ScienceCoronal planeAstronomyAstronomy and AstrophysicsCoronal loopCoronaMicrowaveProceedings of the International Astronomical Union
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Discriminating short-range from van der Waals forces using total force data in noncontact atomic force microscopy

2014

Noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) features the measurement of forces with highest spatial resolution and sensitivity, resolving forces of the order of pico-Newtons with submolecular resolution. However, the measured total force is a mixture composed of various interactions. While some interactions such as electrostatic or magnetic forces can be excluded by a careful design of the experiment, the subtraction of van der Waals forces, which mainly originate from London dispersion interactions between the macroscopic tip shank and the bulk sample, remains a challenge. We present the determination of the inherently present van der Waals forces in total interaction force data from fitti…

PhysicsRange (particle radiation)Interaction forcesAtomic force microscopyResolution (electron density)Condensed Matter PhysicsLondon dispersion forceMolecular physicsElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialssymbols.namesakeTransition pointsymbolsvan der Waals forceImage resolutionPhysical Review B
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High-resolution FTIR spectrum and analysis of the ν2+ν4 combination band of 32SF6

2003

Abstract The spectroscopic knowledge of sulfur hexafluoride, which is necessary for a correct remote sensing and monitoring of this species in the Earth’s atmosphere, is still very partial. In particular, the hot bands in the strongly absorbing ν 3 region (near 948 cm −1 ) have not been analyzed yet. Their study implies the analysis of many vibrational levels and thus the spectroscopy of various fundamental, harmonic, and combination bands. The present work is a new contribution to this topic, concerning the ν 2 + ν 4 combination band. The FTIR spectrum of this region has been recorded at room temperature with a resolution of 0.002 cm −1 . The data have been analyzed thanks to the HTDS soft…

PhysicsResolution (electron density)Atomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsSymmetry (physics)Sulfur hexafluoridechemistry.chemical_compoundOctahedronchemistryHarmonicMoleculePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryAtomic physicsFourier transform infrared spectroscopySpectroscopySpectroscopyJournal of Molecular Spectroscopy
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Performance evaluation of a very high resolution small animal PET imager using silicon scatter detectors

2007

A very high resolution positron emission tomography (PET) scanner for small animal imaging based on the idea of inserting a ring of high-granularity solid-state detectors into a conventional PET scanner is under investigation. A particularly interesting configuration of this concept, which takes the form of a degenerate Compton camera, is shown capable of providing sub-millimeter resolution with good sensitivity. We present a Compton PET system and estimate its performance using a proof-of-concept prototype. A prototype single-slice imaging instrument was constructed with two silicon detectors 1 mm thick, each having 512 1.4 mm x 1.4 mm pads arranged in a 32 x 16 array. The silicon detector…

PhysicsSiliconScannerPhotonRadiological and Ultrasound TechnologySiliconbusiness.industryDetectorResolution (electron density)chemistry.chemical_elementEquipment DesignFull width at half maximumOpticschemistryPositron-Emission TomographyAnimalsRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingbusinessSensitivity (electronics)Image resolutionPhysics in Medicine and Biology
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Second order diffractive optical elements in a spatial light modulator with large phase dynamic range

2013

International audience; A study of the diffraction efficiency of a spatial light modulator with a large dynamic phase range is reported. We use a phase-only device that reaches 4π phase modulation depth for the wavelength of 454 nm. This allows operating phase-only diffractive optical elements in the second harmonic diffraction order, instead of in the usual first diffraction order. This type of implementation shows advantages in terms of resolution and diffraction efficiency. Experimental results are reported for blazed diffractive gratings and diffractive lenses.

PhysicsSpatial light modulatorbusiness.industryDynamic rangeMechanical EngineeringResolution (electron density)Phase (waves)Physics::Optics02 engineering and technology021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyDiffraction efficiency01 natural sciencesAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materials010309 opticsWavelengthOptics0103 physical sciencesOptoelectronicsElectrical and Electronic Engineering[SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics0210 nano-technologybusinessDiffraction gratingPhase modulation
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High resolution spectroscopic study ofBeΛ10

2016

Spectroscopy of a Be-10(Lambda) hypernucleus was carried out at JLab Hall C using the (e, e' K+) reaction. A new magnetic spectrometer system (SPL+ HES+ HKS), specifically designed for high resolution hypernuclear spectroscopy, was used to obtain an energy spectrum with a resolution of similar to 0.78 MeV (FWHM). The well-calibrated spectrometer system of the present experiment using p(e, e' K+)Lambda, Sigma(0) reactions allowed us to determine the energy levels; and the binding energy of the ground-state peak (mixture of 1(-) and 2(-) states) was found to be B-Lambda = 8.55 +/- 0.07(stat.) +/- 0.11(sys.) MeV. The result indicates that the ground-state energy is shallower than that of an em…

PhysicsSpectrometer010308 nuclear & particles physicsBinding energyResolution (electron density)HypernucleusLambda01 natural sciencesExcited state0103 physical sciencesAtomic physicsNuclear Experiment010306 general physicsSpectroscopyGround statePhysical Review C
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Electrostatically operated micromirrors for a Hadamard transform spectrometer

2002

The paper presents the development of a linear micromirror array which can be used as a switchable entrance mask for a double-array Hadamard transform spectrometer. In addition to the detector array the double-array spectrometer has a linear multi-slit array realised by independently switchable micromirrors at the entrance side. Two different switch positions of the electrostatically operated mirrors allow the reflection of light into or away from the spectrometer. With this arrangement (mirror array, concave grating and array detector) and the use of the Hadamard transform principle it is possible to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the system compared to convention…

PhysicsSpectrometerPhysics::Instrumentation and Detectorsbusiness.industryResolution (electron density)DetectorMicromirror arrayPhysics::OpticsGratingOptical switchOpticsHadamard transformDetector arraybusiness1998 IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meeting. Digest. Broadband Optical Networks and Technologies: An Emerging Reality. Optical MEMS. Smart Pixels. Organic Optics and Optoelectronics (Cat. No.98TH8369)
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High Resolution Spectroscopy ofBΛ12by Electroproduction

2007

An experiment measuring electroproduction of hypernuclei has been performed in Hall A at Jefferson Lab on a $^{12}$C target. In order to increase counting rates and provide unambiguous kaon identification two superconducting septum magnets and a Ring Imaging CHerenkov detector (RICH) were added to the Hall A standard equipment. An unprecedented energy resolution of less than 700 keV FWHM has been achieved. Thus, the observed \lam{12}{B} spectrum shows for the first time identifiable strength in the core-excited region between the ground-state {\it s}-wave $\Lambda$ peak and the 11 MeV {\it p}-wave $\Lambda$ peak.

PhysicsSuperconductivity010308 nuclear & particles physicsResolution (electron density)General Physics and AstronomyOrder (ring theory)Lambda01 natural sciencesRing-imaging Cherenkov detectorNuclear physicsFull width at half maximum0103 physical sciencesNuclear Experiment010306 general physicsSpectroscopyEnergy (signal processing)Physical Review Letters
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