Search results for "element"
showing 10 items of 13601 documents
Defective copper transport in the copt5 mutant affects cadmium tolerance.
2014
Cadmium toxicity interferes with essential metal homeostasis, which is a problem for both plant nutrition and the consumption of healthy food by humans. Copper uptake is performed by the members of the Arabidopsis high affinity copper transporter (COPT) family. One of the members, COPT5, is involved in copper recycling from the vacuole toward the cytosolic compartment. We show herein that copt5 mutants are more sensitive to cadmium stress than wild-type plants, as indicated by reduced growth. Exacerbated cadmium toxicity in copt5 mutants is due specifically to altered copper traffic through the COPT5 transporter. Three different processes which have been shown to affect cadmium tolerance ar…
Effect of cadmium exposure on zinc levels in the brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica
1999
Zinc and cadmium have been reported as metabolic antagonists, such that high zinc intake afford animals some protection against the potentially toxic effects of cadmium exposure. There is considerable evidence to support a role of metallothioneins (MTs) in regulating or controlling the intracellular availability of essential metals and the non-essential metal. The effect of 24-h cadmium pre-exposure (10 mg Cd/l) on zinc concentrations in the brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica exposed to zinc (5 mg Zn/l) was studied. The zinc content of shrimps was not altered by cadmium. The homeostatic mechanism for zinc regulation appears not to be disturbed by cadmium exposure in shrimps kept in natur…
FeOOH-modified clay sorbents for arsenic removal from aqueous solutions
2019
The presence of arsenic (As) in natural and anthropogenic soils causes severe pollution of groundwater due to its harmful carcinogenic effects. The present work describes the research activities for searching of appropriate innovative sorbents based on clay material for As sorption using iron oxy-hydroxide modification. Natural and manufactured clay was chosen for comparison of modification efficiency in order to obtain best sorption results for As(V). The results of pilot testing were obtained and the sorption was studied as a function of initial arsenic concentration. Obtained results indicate that modification of clay with Fe compounds significantly improves the sorption capacity of a ne…
Diagnosis of boron, fluorine, lead, nickel and zinc toxicity in citrus plantations in Villarreal, Spain
1997
In the late 1980s, citrus plantations in the area of Villarreal (Spain) showed injuries similar to those previously reported for boron and fluorine toxicity. The area was affected by the disposal of industrial wastewater, mainly from ceramic industries. Conjunctive uses of surface water, groundwater and wastewater for irrigation had taken place. A survey was conducted at 25 orchards to assess leaves and soil for their boron, fluorine, lead, nickel and zinc contents. Wastewater and groundwater were also analyzed to corroborate the presence of these pollutants. The results showed that both boron and fluorine contents were greater than those reported as excess at the most part of the orchards …
Evaluation of Antimony, Cadmium and Lead Levels in Vegetables, Drinking and Raw Water from Different Agricultural Areas
1990
Abstract Lead and cadmium levels in edible vegetables and antimony, lead and cadmium in drinking and raw waters from three agricultural areas exposed to different levels of environmental pollution (1-high industrial pollution, 2-high urban pollution, 3-standard low industrial and urban pollution) are determined. The organic matter is destroyed by repeated attack with nitric acid. Cadmium and lead are determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) and antimony by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS). When the results obtained for three different areas are compared, differences between cadmium and lead contents in vegetables are observed. Waters are…
Inorganic nanomaterials in the aquatic environment: behavior, toxicity, and interaction with environmental elements
2016
AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present characteristics, toxicity and environmental behavior of nanoparticles (NPs) (silver, copper, gold, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, iron oxide) that most frequently occur in consumer products. In addition, NPs are addressed as the new aquatic environmental pollutant of the 21stcentury. NPs are adsorbed onto particles in the aquatic systems (clay minerals, fulvic and humic acids), or they can adsorb environmental pollutants (heavy metal ions, organic compounds). Nanosilver (nAg) is released from consumer products into the aquatic environment. It can threaten aquatic organisms with high toxicity. Interestingly, copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) demonstrate…
Effect of hydrogen on the ethylene polymerization process over Ziegler-Natta catalysts supported on MgCl2(THF)2. I. Studies of the chain-transfer rea…
2000
The effect of hydrogen on the molecular weight of polyethylene obtained over vanadium catalysts (based on VCl4 and VOCl3) supported on MgCl2(THF)2 was studied and the results were compared to those obtained for similar titanium catalysts. It was confirmed that the dependencies of the transfer reaction on the hydrogen concentration are a half-order in all investigated systems. However, the transition metal of the catalytic site affects the ratio of the transfer rate with hydrogen to the propagation rate (ktr,H/kp) and the results showed that hydrogen is a more effective agent of polyethylene molecular weight control in vanadium-based systems as compared to the titanium catalyst. © 2000 John …
Tailoring polymers through interplay of ligands within precatalysts: 8-(Nitro/benzhydryl-arylimino)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6-dihydroquinolylnickel halides in…
2017
A series of 8-(nitro/benzhydryl-substituted arylimino)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6-dihydroquinolines and the corresponding nickel halide complexes were synthesized and characterized. Molecular structures of representative nickel complexes were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, showing the dinuclear dimers with distorted square-pyramidal geometry around the nickel center. The binding energies determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate the effective coordination between the sp2-nitrogen and nickel atoms as well as the influence of both the halogen ligands and the substituents within dihydroquinolines on the strength of the NiN bond. Ethylene polymerization with the nicke…
X-ray Photoelectron-spectroscopy Investigation of Pumice-supported Nickel-catalysts
1995
Pumice-supported nickel catalysts, prepared by the method of slow homogeneous precipitation with urea, were analysed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). By comparison with similarly prepared silica- and alumina-supported nickel catalysts, a preferential interaction of Ni2+ with Al3+ of the support has been determined. A quantitative XPS analysis indicated large segregation of nickel to the surface. The treatment with H2 at 673 K and 1073 K produced a partial reduction of Ni+2 to Ni0. The extent of the reduction was largest at 1073 K and in this case the reduced Ni in the metallic phase was detectable by x-ray diffraction. A decrease of the Ni 2p/Si 2p intensity ratio occurring in the…
Quantification of cadmium-induced metallothionein in crustaceans by the silver-saturation method
1995
Metallothionein (MT) has been proposed as a specific biochemical probe for metal exposure of aquatic organisms. It is recognized that its usefulness as a monitoring tool depends on the full understanding of its function and on the possibility of measuring its concentration in tissues. Therefore the study of MT in crustaceans is interesting from two different points of view: the need to understand mechanisms associated with the toxicology of metals, and the potential use of this protein for monitoring metal-contamined environments. Several methods have been developed for quantitative measurements of MT in biological samples. Immunochemical and electrochemical procedures are reliable techniqu…