Search results for "endocannabinoid system"

Acetaldehyde and Motivation

2019

Abstract Acetaldehyde contributes to alcohol’s neuroactive effects through its own motivational properties. This chapter gathers current evidence on acetaldehyde psychoactive action, focusing on behavioral investigations able to unveil acetaldehyde rewarding effects and their pharmacological modulation in vivo. Acetaldehyde induces conditioned place preference for paired environment and cues and is dose-dependently self-administered in a two-bottle choice drinking paradigm. Acetaldehyde’s motivational properties are further highlighted by operant paradigms tailored to model several addiction-like behaviors, such as induction and maintenance of operant responding, drug-seeking in extinction,…

Role of the peripheral endocannabinoid system in the obesity-linked metabolic disorders genesis : Involvement of adipose tissue derived endocannabino…

2021

Obesity is a pathology characterized by an excess of adipose tissue (AT) whose functions may be altered. Interestingly, strong evidence suggests that metabolic dysregulations linked to obesity is associated with an hyperactivation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in several organs including AT. This system, composed of cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R), their endogenous ligands (EndoCannabinoids - ECs) and their biosynthetic and degrading enzymes, is expressed both in the central nervous system and in various peripheral tissues.CB1R blockade with Rimonabant, the first antagonist marketed in 2006, has proven to be an effective therapeutic approach by reducing food intake, body mass an…

Neurobiology of cannabinoid receptor signaling
.

2020

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a highly versatile signaling system within the nervous system. Despite its widespread localization, its functions within the context of distinct neural processes are very well discernable and specific. This is remarkable, and the question remains as to how such specificity is achieved. One key player in the ECS is the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CBEl sistema endocannabinoide (SEC) apareció como un sistema de señalización muy versátil en el sistema nervioso. A pesar de su existencia amplia y ubicua, sus funciones están integradas en el contexto de distintos procesos neuronales y, en última instancia, son bastante bien discernibles y específicas. Esto es n…

Genetic Models of the Endocannabinoid System

2009

The endocannabinoid (ECB) system comprises cannabinoid receptors, ECBs and the whole machinery for the synthesis and degradation of ECBs. It has emerged as an important signalling system in the nervous system, controlling numerous physiological processes, including synaptic transmission, learning and memory, reward, feeding, neuroprotection, neuroinflammation, and neural development. This system is also implicated in various diseases of the nervous system, and thus has become a promising therapeutic target. The use of genetically modified mice has contributed crucially to our rapidly expanding knowledge of the ECB system. In this chapter, the existing mouse mutants targeting the ECB system …

Neuronal populations mediating the effects of endocannabinoids on stress and emotionality

2011

An adequate emotional response to stress is essential for survival and requires the fine-tuned regulation of several distinct neuronal circuits. Therefore, a precise control of these circuits is necessary to prevent behavioral imbalances. During the last decade, numerous investigations have evidenced that the endocannabinoid (eCB) system is able to crucially control stress coping. Its central component, the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1 receptor), is located at the presynapse, where it is able to attenuate neurotransmitter release after its activation by postsynaptically produced and released eCBs. To date, the eCB system has been found to control the neurotransmitter release from severa…

Cannabinoid CB1 receptor in the modulation of stress coping behavior in mice: The role of serotonin and different forebrain neuronal subpopulations

2013

Abstract The endocannabinoid system (ECS) may either enhance or inhibit responses to aversive stimuli, possibly caused by its modulatory activity on diverse neurotransmitters. The aim of this work was to investigate the involvement of serotonin (5-HT) and catecholamines, as well as the role of glutamatergic and GABAergic cannabinoid type 1 (CB 1 ) receptor, in responses to the antidepressant-like doses of the CB 1 receptor agonist Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and the antagonist rimonabant in the forced swim test (FST). Mice received acute injections of low doses of THC (0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg) or high dose of rimonabant (3 or 10 mg/kg) after treatment with the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor pCPA (10…

The endocannabinoid system: emotion, learning and addiction

2008

The identification of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1 receptor) was the milestone discovery in the elucidation of the behavioural and emotional responses induced by the Cannabis sativa constituent Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol. The subsequent years have established the existence of the endocannabinoid system. The early view relating this system to emotional responses is reflected by the fact that N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine, the pioneer endocannabinoid, was named anandamide after the Sanskrit word 'ananda', meaning 'bliss'. However, the emotional responses to cannabinoids are not always pleasant and delightful. Rather, anxiety and panic may also occur after activation of CB1 receptors.…

Endocannabinoid signals in the control of emotion.

2008

The appropriate control of emotional responses evoked by environmental stimuli is an important innate mechanism for ensuring quality of life and even for survival. Inappropriate responses and decreased abilities to adjust to changed environmental situations can lead to psychiatric disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorders, phobia and depression. Endocannabinoid signalling has emerged as one of the regulatory systems of the brain supporting appropriate emotional responses. As various components of the endocannabinoid system have become therapeutic targets, understanding the endocannabinoids’ mechanism of action is an important research topic for a rationalized drug design and optimal…

P.0171 The independent and joint effect of the endocannabinoid system and daily cannabis use on the risk of psychosis

2021

Inhibiting fatty acid amide hydrolase normalizes endotoxin-induced enhanced gastrointestinal motility in mice

2012

Background and purpose Gastrointestinal (GI) motility is regulated in part by fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs), including the endocannabinoid (EC) anandamide (AEA). The actions of FAEs are terminated by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). We investigated the actions of the novel FAAH inhibitor AM3506 on normal and enhanced GI motility. Experimental approach We examined the effect of AM3506 on electrically-evoked contractility in vitro and GI transit and colonic faecal output in vivo, in normal and FAAH-deficient mice treated with saline or LPS (100 µg·kg(-1), i.p.), in the presence and absence of cannabinoid (CB) receptor antagonists. mRNA expression was measured by quantitative real time-PCR…