Search results for "energi"
showing 10 items of 1725 documents
Advances in Perovskite Optoelectronics: Bridging the Gap Between Laboratory and Fabrication
2020
In 2019, hybrid halide perovskites celebrated their 10th anniversary as a "wonder material" for optoelectronic applications. Although the parent perovskite structures were elucidated in the late 19th century, the seminal work by Miyasaka et al. exploiting organic‐inorganic hybrid halide perovskites sensitizers for visible‐light conversion in solar cells marked the revisit of these materials and has proven to be a game‐changer in this field. Extensive investigations were undertaken to develop new materials (all inorganic and organic‐inorganic hybrids, in the form of films or alternate morphologies) and deposition techniques, explore interfaces and in‐depth characterization, while engineering…
Differences in the efficacy and safety among inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)/long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA) combinations in the treatment of chronic…
2015
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are frequently recommended for the treatment of asthma and COPD, often in combination with long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA), depending on the severity of the disease and/or on the specific phenotype. Several ICS/LABA combinations are currently available that differ in their pharmacokinetic characteristics and dose of both components. Thus, this review assesses differences in the efficacy and the safety profiles of the ICS components in the two more frequently used ICS/LABA combinations (budesonide/formoterol and fluticasone/salmeterol) for the management of COPD. Whereas the basic mechanism of action is similar for all ICS (binding with the intracellular gluco…
Budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy: a new treatment approach for adult patients with asthma.
2007
An inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) or an ICS/long-acting beta(2)-agonist (LABA) combination plus short-acting beta(2)-agonist (SABA) as needed for symptom relief is recommended for persistent asthma. Additionally, budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy (Symbicort SMART, AstraZeneca, Sweden) has been approved for adults in the European Union. This option is well tolerated and offers greater reductions in asthma exacerbations together with similar improvements in daily symptom control, at a lower overall steroid load, compared with fixed-dose ICS/LABA plus SABA.Two large clinical trials investigated the use of budesonide/formoterol as maintenance and reliever compared with medium…
Overall asthma control: the relationship between current control and future risk.
2009
Background Asthma guidelines emphasize both maintaining current control and reducing future risk, but the relationship between these 2 targets is not well understood. Objective This retrospective analysis of 5 budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy (Symbicort SMART Turbuhaler ∗ ∗Symbicort SMART and Turbuhaler are trademarks owned by AstraZeneca. Neither the Symbicort SMART posology nor the dry powder formulation Turbuhaler are currently approved in the United States.) studies assessed the relationship between asthma control questionnaire (ACQ-5) and Global Initiative for Asthma-defined clinical asthma control and future risk of instability and exacerbations. Methods The perc…
Th17 immunity in children with allergic asthma and rhinitis: a pharmacological approach
2013
Th17 cells and IL-17A play a role in the development and progression of allergic diseases. We analyzed the IL-17A levels in sputum supernatants (Ss), nasal wash (NW) and plasma (P) from Healthy Controls (HC) and children with Asthma/Rhinitis. We tested the expression of IL-17A, RORγ(t) and FOXP3 in peripheral blood T-lymphocytes from intermittent and mild-moderate asthma. The effect of Budesonide and Formoterol was tested "in vitro" on IL-17A, RORγ(t) and FOXP3 expression in cultured T-lymphocytes from mild-moderate asthma/persistent rhinitis patients, and on nasal and bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with NW and Ss from mild-moderate asthma/persistent rhinitis. Further, the effect of …
Impact of building automation control systems and technical building management systems on the energy performance class of residential buildings: An …
2014
Abstract The paper focuses on the evaluation of the impact on residential buildings of building automation control (BAC) and technical building management (TBM) systems. This work shows how the control, monitoring and automation functions considered by the European Standard EN 15232 can considerably influence the energy performance of a single-family test house and, consequently, its energy performance class. The study puts into evidence that the benefit that can be drawn from the installation of BAC and TBM systems depends on the type of technical appliances in the household and on the starting energy performance class. Finally, the economic impact due to the introduction of BACS or TBM fu…
Economic impact of BACS and TBM systems on residential buildings
2013
The paper presents the results of a study on the economic impact of building automation control systems and technical building management systems on residential buildings. The different functions considered by European Standard EN 15232 and having impact on the energy performance of buildings are applied to a test house, varying its energy efficiency class. The economic impact due to the introduction of each BACS or TBM function is evaluated using the BAC factors method, considering the real costs for the purchase and the installation of the components that implement the specific functions and the yearly energy costs of the building before and after their installation.
Demand side management and Distributed on Site actions benefits
2013
Global warming and energy demand are nowadays becoming one of the major issues of the third millennium, mainly because human activities seem to have a clear impact on the raise of CO2 emissions as never it has been experienced in the past. Among the different factors affecting CO2 emissions, energy demand from buildings constitutes one of the most important actors. Energy Management (EM) actions can reduce the energy consumption of the system and minimize peaks-level, by using a distributed control over every house. These local actions can greatly contribute to reduce the impact on the global CO2 emissions. An evaluation of the potential energy saving and CO2 emissions reduction on building…
ANALYSIS OF IMPACTS ON ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM OPERATION OF LOAD MANAGEMENT IN RESIDENTIAL AND TERTIARY BUILDINGS
2012
Load management includes all the techniques, logics, actions and programs through which the electric utilities and the customers are able to manage loads absorption in a more prudent and efficient way; it determines economic benefits for the users, but also allows a network management and operation simpler and cheaper, determining technical and economic benefits. The present paper constitutes a detailed study of interventions and techniques to control demand in the residential and tertiary sectors and the effects that these actions have on the entire electrical system and its management. It discusses the implications of such control actions in terms of reduction of network losses and relate…
Investigating energy saving potential in a big shopping center through ventilation control
2019
Abstract This paper investigates energy saving measures for the ventilation system of large shopping centers. This kind of buildings is characterized by high yearly energy consumptions, because of the high level of operating hours and the frequent use of obsolete technologies. In the analyzed case studies, three big Do It Yourself (DIY) shops, located in Italy, are considered. Two different approaches are considered, they are aimed at reducing the annual energy consumption for the indoor air exchange of the sales area. The first considered retrofit solution consists in the installation of heat recovery exchangers, reducing the energy demand for the air thermal treatment without changing the…