Search results for "english"
showing 10 items of 846 documents
Perception de la qualité du vin par les consommateurs
2011
In the recent years the wine consumption tends to decline, causing a world wine production surplus. Therefore, the wineries want to diversify their production to wines more qualitative and therefore more expensive. Thus, it is important to understand how the consumers perceived the wine quality. This work proposes a questionnaire measuring the perceived complexity of the wine. It demonstrated a strong link between the perception of the complexity and quality of a wine. The wines which are perceived like qualitative are wines concentrated in aromas persistent for the sensory point of view. Moreover, the sensory perception of quality is more correlated with the quality displayed by the market…
Early biological factors and outcome in very preterm infants
2013
Our aim was to identify early biochemical abnormalities associated with adverse outcome in very preterm infants. Based on an 8-year population-study for assessing the outcome in 1067 very preterm babies admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Dijon university hospital, two research axes were explored: 1) the impact of plasma chloride abnormalities on neurological morbidities; 2) the association between hypoproteinemia on the first day of life (D1) and adverse outcome. These issues were assessed by 4 studies, performed on the initial population and on 3 other cohorts.We found that hyperchloremia results in severe metabolic acidosis during the first 7-10 days of life, but this is not …
Locomotion et franchissement d'obstacles après lésion cérébrale : étude cinématique chez le rat
2010
Although the rat has become the favourite animal model in preclinical researches on locomotion, studies designed to assess the strategy used by rats to avoid obstacle avoidance are lacking in rats. Using an optoelectronic 3D motion analysis system, we have, therefore, compared the step pattern, timing and length variables of locomotor cycles, trajectories and joint angles values of limbs when rats stepped between and overcame obstacles (3 cm-height) fixed on a treadmill belt (25 cm/s). Motion of all the four limbs was serially recorded for a 10 weeks long-period in adult animals with an initial age of 11 weeks. The results show that obstacle avoidance results in disruption of the basic step…
Study of mechanisms of action of an immunotherapy by triacyl lipid A in humans
2013
Immunotherapy acting at the primary tumor site and preventing the development of metastases is one of the strategies for treatment of patients with cancer. To improve the efficiency of the latter, it is necessary to understand how it induces tumor cell death. In the laboratory, it was observed the cure of PROb tumors in rats BDIX by the triacyl lipid A. It has been shown that this effect involved the immune system involving interactions with TLRs present in many tumor cells and innate immunity cells such as neutrophils.In this work, we investigated the possible involvement of neutrophils in the antitumor activity of triacyl lipid A in humans.In a Phase 1 study in patients with refractory so…
Economic analysis of prevention : prevention supply, incentives and preferences in french private medical practice
2011
The traditional approach of the economics of prevention is built around a demand-side logic. This provides fruitful insights about consumer behaviour and public policies related to prevention, but it has nothing to say about the supply side of prevention. The present thesis aims at developing the economics of prevention from the supply-side, in particular the production of services by ambulatory physicians, and to study the incentives to prevention and the preferences of these medical care producers. An institutional analysis enables to underline the obstacles limiting the supply of prevention by French doctors, and shows that it is necessary to develop incentives mechanisms to increase thi…
Participation of nutritional and environmental factors in aging of the retina and age-related retinopathies
2012
With advanced age, aging of the human retina can evolve into pathological forms, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or diabetic retinopathy (DR). Meanwhile, epidemiological studies suggest that a diet rich in long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) such as EPA and DHA, potentially protects against the development of AMD and insulin resistance, the main risk factor for DR. Within this context, our research objectives were to assess: 1 - the impact of endogen and environmental factors, known to trigger oxidative stress, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) or insulin resistance, on the function and aging of the retina, and 2 - the response of the retina to a omega-3 LC-…
Monounsaturated fatly acid metabolism and colon cancer cells proliferation : role of Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and effect of conjugated linoleic acid…
2012
Cancer cells adapt their metabolism in response to signals from the microenvironment and proliferation. Thus, MonoUnsaturated Fatty Acid (MUFA) synthesis is increased in colon cancer cells, and associated with increased Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) activity, the rate limiting enzyme of MUFA biosynthesis. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA), as isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), exert inhibitor activity on SCD-1 and have anti-cancer properties, but their mechanisms are not yet clear. In this context, the aim of this work was first to evaluate the role of SCD-1 in the proliferation of colon cancer cells (CCC) and to define the underlying mechanisms. In a second time, we provide new inf…
Etude et caractérisation de l'état " Viable mais Non Cultivable " chez Brettanomyces, une levure d'altération des vins : nouvel outil de détection et…
2011
The viable but not culturable (VBNC) state has been studied in detail in bacteria. It has been suggested that the VBNC state also exists in eukaryote cells, such as wine yeasts, including Brettanomyces in particular. We investigated the VBNC state in this yeast, focusing on the conditions for entry and exit, and the morphological and metabolic modifications associated with this state. We added sulfite (0.8 mg.L-1 molecular SO2) to induce the VBNC state. Increasing the pH of the medium inactivated the sulfite, allowing the cells to exit from the VBNC state and to become culturable again. In these conditions, we found that Brettanomyces VBNC cells were smaller than culturable cells, and that …
Mycorrhiza-induced resistance against Thielaviopsis basicola in the ornemental crop Petunia hybrida
2012
Wurzelpathogene zeigen bedeutenden Einfluss auf die Produktion von Zierpflanzen. Vor Allem in erdelosen Produktionssystemen unter Glas verursachen sie erhebliche Verluste und ihre Bekämpfung mit konventionellen Mitteln beinhaltet normalerweise ein hoher Einsatz an Pestiziden. Ein mehr nachhaltiger Gartenbau braucht alternative Methoden, um den Eintrag dieser Chemikalien zu vermeiden. Die Einführung arbuskulärer Mykorrhizapilze (AM Pilze) in das Produktionssystem könnte ein integraler Bestandteil einer entsprechenden Strategie sein. Mykorrhizierte Pflanzen zeigen generell eine erhöhte Resistenz gegenüber bodenbürtigen Pathogenen und Nematoden. Der Erfolg einer solchen Strategie ist allerding…
Cellular metabolic alteration : the voice of monoinsaturated fatty acid as therapeutic target
2010
Stearoyl Co-A desaturase (SCD) is the key enzyme of the metabolism of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Its activity 9 desaturase introduces a double bond cis in position 9 of saturated fatty acids (SFA), induced formation of MUFA. Impaired biosynthesis of MUFA is involved in many diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Cancer cells have a de novo synthesis of fatty acids increased with an accumulation MUFA. This change in the metabolism of fatty acids is associated with overexpression SCD1 which catalyzes the conversion of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fat. Several reports have shown that inhibition of SCD1 leads to blockage of proliferation and induction of apopt…