Search results for "enteric"
showing 10 items of 332 documents
Resection of the mesopancreas (RMP): a new surgical classification of a known anatomical space
2007
Abstract Background Prognosis after surgical therapy for pancreatic cancer is poor and has been attributed to early lymph node involvement as well as to a strong tendency of cancer cells to infiltrate into the retropancreatic tissue and to spread along the peripancreatic neural plexuses. The objective of our study was to classify the anatomical-surgical layer of the mesopancreas and to describe the surgical principles relevant for resection of the mesopancreas (RMP). Immunohistochemical investigation of the mesopancreatic-perineural lymphogenic structures was carried out with the purpose of identifying possible routes of metastatic spread. Methods Resection of the mesopancreas (RMP) was per…
Effects of 5-HT4 receptor stimulation on basal and electrically evoked release of acetylcholine from guinea-pig myenteric plexus
1992
The effects of 5-methoxytryptamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on both basal and electrically evoked outflow of tritium were studied in guinea-pig myenteric plexus preparations preincubated with [3H]-choline. Basal outflow. 5-Methoxytryptamine caused a transient and calcium-dependent increase in basal outflow of [3H]acetylcholine that was abolished by tetrodotoxin. Ondansetron (1 μmol/1) did not affect the stimulatory response of 5-methoxytryptamine but ICS 205-930 (1 and 3 μmol/1) produced parallel rightward displacements of the concentration-response curve to 5-methoxytryptamine. The PKB value for ICS 205-930 was 6.6 suggesting an involvement of 5-HT4 receptors. 5-HT caused an increase…
Two types of receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine on the cholinergic nerves of the guinea-pig myenteric plexus
1985
Abstract The effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on spontaneous and electrically-evoked release of [3H]-acetylcholine (ACh) from guinea-pig myenteric plexus preparations preincubated with [3H]-choline have been investigated in the absence of cholinesterase inhibitors. 5-HT caused a transient increase in spontaneous release and an inhibition of the electrically-evoked release of [3H]-ACh. The 5-HT-induced contractions of the longitudinal muscle were clearly related to the increase in spontaneous release. The inhibitory effect was not due to activation of alpha-adrenoceptors since it was also observed in the presence of tolazoline and on strips from reserpine-pretreated guinea-pigs. After d…
Simvastatin Inhibits Inflammatory Properties ofStaphylococcus aureusα-Toxin
2002
Background—Simvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, has been shown to lower serum cholesterol levels in clinical use. Moreover, statins exert beneficial effects in vascular diseases by inhibition of leukocyte rolling, adherence, and transmigration. The aim of this study was to determine if pretreatment with simvastatin attenuatesStaphylococcus aureusα-toxin–induced increase in leukocyte-endothelial interactions during exotoxemia.Methods and Results—The effects of simvastatin on leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions were observed by intravital microscopy in the rat mesenteric microcirculation. Simvastatin (50 or 100 μg/kg) was administered 18 hours before the…
The effects of racemic bethanechol and its (R)- and (S)-enantiomers on pre- and postjunctional muscarine receptors in the guinea-pig ileum
1985
The effect of racemic bethanechol and its (R)- and (S)-enantiomers on smooth muscle contraction and outflow of [3H]-acetylcholine were studied in the guinea-pig myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation that had been preincubated with [3H]-choline. (S)-, racemic, and (R)-bethanechol caused concentration-dependent contractions of the longitudinal muscle. The potency ratio of the strong isomer (S) to the weak one (R) was 915. Racemic and (S)-bethanechol concentration-dependently inhibited the evoked outflow of [3H]-acetylcholine. Racemic bethanechol was more potent than (S)-bethanechol. (R)-bethanechol up to a concentration of 1 mM did no affect the evoked outflow of [3H]-acetylcholine…
Shunting of the Microcirculation After Mesenteric Ischemia and Reperfusion Is a Function of Ischemia Time and Increases Mortality
2006
Shunting of the microcirculation contributes to the pathology of sepsis and septic shock. The authors address the hypothesis that shunting of the microcirculation occurs after superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) and reperfusion, and explore functional consequences.Spontaneously breathing animals (rats) (n = 30) underwent SMAO for 0 (controls), 30 (SMAO_30) or 60 min (SMAO_60) followed by reperfusion (4 h) with normal saline. Leukocyte-endothelial interactions in mesenteric venules were quantified in an exteriorized ileal loop using intravital microscopy. Abdominal blood flow was recorded continuously, and arterial blood gases were analyzed at intervals. The above groups were matched…
Glucagon-like peptide-2 modulates neurally evoked mucosal chloride secretion in guinea pig small intestine in vitro
2009
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is an important neuroendocrine peptide in intestinal physiology. It influences digestion, absorption, epithelial growth, motility, and blood flow. We studied involvement of GLP-2 in intestinal mucosal secretory behavior. Submucosal-mucosal preparations from guinea pig ileum were mounted in Ussing chambers for measurement of short-circuit current ( Isc) as a surrogate for chloride secretion. GLP-2 action on neuronal release of acetylcholine was determined with ELISA. Enteric neuronal expression of the GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) was studied with immunohistochemical methods. Application of GLP-2 (0.1–100 nM) to the serosal or mucosal side of the preparations evoke…
Results of chimney endovascular aneurysm repair as used in the PERICLES Registry to treat patients with suprarenal aortic pathologies
2020
Background: The prevailing evidence calls for using chimney/snorkel endovascular repair (ch-EVAR) with one or two chimney grafts. No studies up to now focus on its applicability and results for the treatment of suprarenal aortic pathologies (SRAP). Hence, we evaluated the clinical and radiologic results of ch-EVAR treatment for SRAP placing three or more chimney grafts within the PERICLES Registry. Methods: Data from 517 patients suffering complex aortic pathologies treated by ch-EVAR between 2008 and 2014 at 13 European and U.S. centers were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Results: Sixty-seven ch-EVAR-treated patients (12.9% of the entire PERICLES cohort) presented SRAP (83.5% elect…
Comparative effects of the novel vasotocin analogue F-180 vs. vasopressin and terlipressin on systemic and splanchnic isolated vessels from portal hy…
2001
F-180 has been proposed as a new vasopressin analogue for the treatment of portal hypertension. This study investigates the contractile profile of F-180 compared to vasopressin and its analogue terlipressin on isolated systemic and splanchnic vessels from sham-operated and partial portal vein ligated (PPVL) rats. F-180 (10(-9)-10(-6) M), vasopressin (10(-11)-10(-8) M) and terlipressin (10(-9)-10(-4) M) induced contraction of the mesenteric vein, aorta, iliac, tail and mesenteric arteries. The order of potency in these vessels was vasopressin (pD2 approximately 9)F-180 (pD2 approximately 8)terlipressin (pD2 approximately 6). Significant (P0.01) differences between sham-operated and PPVL rats…
Role of cholinergic neurons in the motor effects of glucagon-like peptide-2 in mouse colon
2010
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) reduces mouse gastric tone and small intestine transit, but its action on large intestine motility is still unknown. The purposes of the present study were 1) to examine the influence of GLP-2 on spontaneous mechanical activity and on neurally evoked responses, by recording intraluminal pressure from mouse isolated colonic segments; 2) to characterize GLP-2 mechanism of action; and 3) to determine the distribution of GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) in the mouse colonic muscle coat by immunohistochemistry. Exogenous GLP-2 (0.1–300 nM) induced a concentration-dependent reduction of the spontaneous mechanical activity, which was abolished by the desensitization of GLP-…