Search results for "enteric"

Pathological role of a constitutively active population of α1D -adrenoceptors in arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats

2002

The role of a constitutively active population of α1D-adrenoceptors was analysed in arteries obtained from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and controls (WKY) divided into three groups: young prehypertensive, adult hypertensive, and adult animals chronically treated with captopril (50 mg kg−1 per day orally) in order to prevent the hypertensive state. In adult SHR, a significant increase in BMY 7378 potency (not in prazosin potency) was observed in aorta, mesenteric artery, and the first and second branches of the small mesenteric arteries with respect to WKY rats. This difference was not observed in iliac and tail arteries, which suggests an increased functional role of α1D-adrenocept…

Ultrahigh-Throughput Proteomics Using Fast RPLC Separations with ESI-MS/MS

2005

We describe approaches for proteomics analysis using electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with fast reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) separations. The RPLC separations used 50-microm-i.d. fused-silica capillaries packed with submicrometer-sized C18-bonded porous silica particles and achieved peak capacities of 130-420 for analytes from proteome tryptic digests. When these separations were combined with linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry measurements, approximately 1000 proteins could be identified in 50 min from approximately 4000 identified tryptic peptides; approximately 550 proteins in 20 min from approximately 1800 peptides; and approximately 250 prot…

2021

Four drugs are currently approved for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by the FDA. Three of these drugs—donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine—belong to the class of acetylcholine esterase inhibitors. Memantine, a NMDA receptor antagonist, represents the fourth and a combination of donepezil and memantine the fifth treatment option. Recently, the gut and its habitants, its microbiome, came into focus of AD research and added another important factor to therapeutic considerations. While the first data provide evidence that AD patients might carry an altered microbiome, the influence of administered drugs on gut properties and commensals have been largely ignored so far. However, t…

Distribution and phenotype of rotavirus-specific B cells induced during the antigen-driven primary response to 2/6 virus-like particles administered …

2007

AbstractSelection of mucosal sites is an important step in mucosal vaccine development. The intrarectal (IR) route represents an alternative to the oral route of immunization; nevertheless, immune responses induced by this route are not well defined. Here, we studied the early primary B cell response (induction, homing, and phenotype) induced by IR immunization with rotavirus (RV)-2/6 virus-like particles (VLP). Using flow cytometry, we traced RV-specific B cells in different lymphoid tissues and analyzed the expression of α4β7 and CCR9, which are important receptors for homing to the gut, as well as CD5, a marker expressed by B1-a cells, which are a major source of natural antibodies. We o…

Rotavirus stimulates release of serotonin (5-HT) from human enterochromaffin cells and activates brain structures involved in nausea and vomiting

2011

Rotavirus (RV) is the major cause of severe gastroenteritis in young children. A virus-encoded enterotoxin, NSP4 is proposed to play a major role in causing RV diarrhoea but how RV can induce emesis, a hallmark of the illness, remains unresolved. In this study we have addressed the hypothesis that RV-induced secretion of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) by enterochromaffin (EC) cells plays a key role in the emetic reflex during RV infection resulting in activation of vagal afferent nerves connected to nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and area postrema in the brain stem, structures associated with nausea and vomiting. Our experiments revealed that RV can infect and replicate in human…

Different profile and distribution of antigen specific T cells induced by intranasal and intrarectal immunization with rotavirus 2/6-VLP with and wit…

2013

International audience; In this study, we compared both the profile and distribution of antigen specific primed T cells after intrarectal (IR) and intranasal (IN) immunization with rotavirus (RV) 2/6-VLP, alone or in the presence of LT-R192G, in order to highlight the differences between the two routes and the impact of the adjuvant. Adult BALB/c mice were immunized once with 2/6-VLP with or without adjuvant and the T cell response was analyzed in lymphoid tissues after in vitro restimulation with the antigen. IN, but not IR, immunization of mice with 2/6-VLP alone induced antigen-specific IL-10 and IL-17 secreting T cells. IL-10-, in contrast to IL-17-, secreting T cells did not migrate to…

S. Typhimurium virulence changes caused by exposure to different non-thermal preservation treatments using C. elegans

2017

The aims of this research study were: (i) to postulate Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a useful organism to describe infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), and (ii) to evaluate changes in virulence of S. Typhimurium when subjected repetitively to different antimicrobial treatments. Specifically, cauliflower by-product infusion, High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP), and Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF). This study was carried out by feeding C. elegans with different microbial populations: E. coli OP50 (optimal conditions), untreated S. Typhimurium, S. Typhimurium treated once and three times with cauliflower by-product infusion, S. Typhimurium treated once and f…

Recovery Estimation of Dried Foodborne Pathogens Is Directly Related to Rehydration Kinetics.

2016

International audience; Drying is a common process which is used to preserve food products and technological microorganisms, but which is deleterious for the cells. The aim of this study is to differentiate the effects of drying alone from the effects of the successive and necessary rehydration. Rehydration of dried bacteria is a critical step already studied in starter culture but not for different kinetics and not for pathogens. In the present study, the influence of rehydration kinetics was investigated for three foodborne pathogens involved in neonatal diseases caused by the consumption of rehydrated milk powder: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Salmonella enteri…

Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT 104 antibiotic resistance genomic island I in serotype paratyphi B

2002

We have identified Salmonella genomic island I (SGI1) in an isolate of Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi B. This antibiotic-resistance gene cluster, which confers multidrug resistance, has been previously identified in S. enterica serotype Typhimurium phage types DT 104 and DT 120 and in S. enterica serotype Agona.

Bacteriophage selection against a plasmid-encoded sex apparatus leads to the loss of antibiotic-resistance plasmids.

2011

Antibiotic-resistance genes are often carried by conjugative plasmids, which spread within and between bacterial species. It has long been recognized that some viruses of bacteria (bacteriophage; phage) have evolved to infect and kill plasmid-harbouring cells. This raises a question: can phages cause the loss of plasmid-associated antibiotic resistance by selecting for plasmid-free bacteria, or can bacteria or plasmids evolve resistance to phages in other ways? Here, we show that multiple antibiotic-resistance genes containing plasmids are stably maintained in bothEscherichia coliandSalmonella entericain the absence of phages, while plasmid-dependent phage PRD1 causes a dramatic reduction i…