Search results for "enteric"

Ligands affecting silver antimicrobial efficacy on Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica

2013

Although silver is being extensively used in food or other applications as the key component to control microbial proliferation, many factors affecting its real potential are still unknown. In the present work, the presence of specific ligands or the contents in organic matter was correlated with silver speciation and its antibacterial performance. Silver was found to be only active in form of free silver ions (FSI). The presence of chloride ions produced an equilibrium of stable silver chloride complexes which were void of antimicrobial efficacy. However, even at relatively high concentrations of chlorides, a small fraction of FSI may still be present, producing a bactericidal effect with …

Monitoring of Enzyme Substitution Using the Cholesteryl Octanoate Breath Test

1991

The efficiency of enzyme replacement therapy in pancreatic insufficiency is usually judged on the grounds of clinical improvement and the effect on steatorrhea: treatment is thought to be successful if steatorrhea is abolished or, at least, reduced. In the majority of patients, the amount of enzyme necessary to alleviate steatorrhea can be reduced if lipase is protected against acidic inactivation either by blocking H2 secretion of the stomach or by protecting enzymes by pH-sensitive enteric coating. However, steatorrhea is frequently not abolished and a differential treatment may be necessary in each patient.

Absorption and intestinal catabolism of fatty acids in the rat: effect of chain length and unsaturation

1991

Simultaneous portal blood absorption and intestinal mucosal catabolism of labelled fatty acids were investigated. Anaesthetized adult Wistar rats were infused intraduodenally either with 90 mumol of capric (C10:0), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2) or arachidonic (C20:4) 1-14C acids or with 30 mumol of each labelled fatty acid in addition to 30 mumol of oleic acid and 30 mumol of monopalmitin. For mixed infusates, experiments were carried out with two additional long-chain fatty acids: palmitic (C16:0) and erucic (C22:1) 1-14C acids. Radioactivity was quantified in the lipids and in the catabolic products in portal blood recovered at 5 min intervals for 1 h after infusion. At the end of the e…

Epidemic dissemination of Salmonella enterica spp. enterica serovar Bovismorbificans in southern Italy in the years 1989-1991.

1994

Epidemic strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Bovismorbificans isolated in southern Italy during the years 1989-1991 were submitted to a molecular epidemiological study in comparison with isolates identified in the years 1980-1988 in the same geographic area. Genomic DNA fragments obtained by digestion with BglI or Eco RI hybridized with Escherichia coli rRNA to produce three distinct, but highly related patterns. Ribotype 1, which had never been identified before 1989, was found to characterize most of the strains identified between 1989 and 1991. Such a finding supports the hypothesis of emergence and spread of a new bacterial clone associated with the increased number o…

Role for D1-like and D2-like dopamine receptors in the modulation of intestinal motility in mice

2015

Objective: In the last years a plethora of studies addressed dopamine (DA) as a modulator within the enteric nervous system (ENS), controlling gastrointestinal (GI) functions via activation of D1- and D2-like receptors. However, the effective role and functional significance of DA in the ENS, and the contribution of its receptors, are still a matter of debate. Pathological alterations of dopaminergic system in the gut may be likely implicated in different motor GI disorders, including dyspepsia and gastroparesis. Thus, a detailed characterization of the enteric dopaminergic signalling is necessary. The aim of this study was to explore the role of DA in the GI tract, using as model the mouse…

Digestione e assorbimento

2009

Postnatal developmental changes in the dopaminergic signaling in mouse gut

2011

The presence of dopamine-containing neurons in the enteric nervous system has been described, but it is far to be clear their role in the modulation of gut motility. Moreover, ontogenetic studies shows that dopaminergic neurons are late-developing neurons, arising perinatally, but there are no informations if dopaminergic signaling may undergo to developmental changes after birth, as demonstrated for other signaling. Thus, using a pharmacological approach, we examined, in vitro, the role of dopaminergic neurons in the regulation of duodenal contractility in neonatal mice (≤48 h postnatal) compared to the adults. Transcripts for all dopaminergic receptors were detected in mouse duodenum at e…

Dopaminergic signaling in mouse duodenum and postanatal developmental changes

2012

The glucagon-like Peptide-2

2011

Multiple peptide hormones produced within the gastrointestinal system act also in the central nervous system and aid in the regulation of energy homeostasis and metabolism. The list of these peptides is progressively increasing and includes glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) as an anorexigenic factor. GLP-2 is released from enteroendocrine L-cells following food intake and its principal target is represented by the gastrointestinal tract. GLP-2 has been shown to be an important intestinotrophic factor that stimulates epithelial cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. GLP-2 increases intestinal blood flow and the activity and expression of epithelial brush-border digestive enzymes and nutrie…

Peripheral motor action of glucagon-like peptide-1 through enteric neuronal receptors

2010

Background  Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a proglucagon-derived peptide expressed in the enteroendocrine-L cells of small and large intestine and released in response to meal ingestion. Glucagon-like peptide-1 exerts inhibitory effects on gastrointestinal motility through vagal afferents and central nervous mechanisms; however, no data is available about a direct influence on the gastrointestinal wall. Our aim was to investigate the effects of GLP-1 on the spontaneous and evoked mechanical activity of mouse duodenum and colon and to identify the presence and distribution of GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) in the muscle coat. Methods  Organ bath recording technique and immunohistochemistry wer…