Search results for "epidemiologia"

SENSIBILIZZAZIONE AD ANISAKIS IN CATEGORIE PROFESSIONALI ESPOSTE IN AMBITO OCCUPAZIONALE IN SICILIA

2017

INTRODUZIONE: La diffusione su larga scala del consumo di pesce crudo ha contribuito all’incremento di manifestazioni allergiche conseguenti al contatto col parassita del pesce Anisakis. Obiettivo dello studio è stato quello di stimare il rischio di contrarre allergie Anisakis-correlate in lavoratori del comparto ittico e della ristorazione. MATERIALI E METODI: È stato realizzato uno studio cross-sectional per stimare la prevalenza della sensibilizzazione ad Anisakis simplex (As) su un campione di 46 cuochi e/o addetti alla preparazione degli alimenti reclutati nella provincia di Palermo. A tutti i soggetti è stato somministrato un questionario clinico-anamnestico ed è stato effettuato un p…

Stimulated and unstimulated saliva samples have significantly different bacterial profiles

2018

Epidemiological studies use saliva on a regular basis as a non-invasive and easy-to-take sample, which is assumed to be a microbial representative of the oral cavity ecosystem. However, comparative studies between different kinds of saliva samples normally used in microbial studies are scarce. The aim of the current study was to compare oral microbiota composition between two different saliva samples collected simultaneously: non-stimulated saliva with paper points and stimulated saliva collected after chewing paraffin gum. DNA was extracted from saliva samples of ten individuals, then analyzed by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing to describe bacterial diversity. The results demonstrate significant d…

Effects of dietary fiber intake on risk factors for cardiovascular disease in subjects at high risk

2009

Background: Epidemiological studies and feeding trials with supplements suggest that fibre intake is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular risk. However, the effects of changes in dietary fibre on risk factor levels have not been evaluated in free-living individuals. Thus, the effects of changes in dietary fibre intake on cardiovascular risk factors were assessed over 3 months in free-living high-risk subjects. Methods: 772 high-risk subjects (age 69±5 years) were assigned to a low-fat diet or two Mediterranean-style diets. All participants received behavioural and nutritional education, including recommendations for increasing the consumption of vegetables, fruits, and legumes. Cha…

Glucose regulation and physical performance among older people: the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

2018

Aims To assess whether disturbances in glucose regulation are associated with impairment in physical performance during a 10-year follow-up. Methods 475 Men and 603 women from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study were studied. Glucose regulation was evaluated with a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 2001-2004. Subjects were categorised as having either impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), newly diagnosed diabetes or previously known diabetes. Physical performance was assessed approximately 10 years later using the validated senior fitness test (SFT). The relationship between glucose regulation and the overall SFT score was estimated using multiple linear…

Glucose regulation and grip strength in adults: Findings from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study.

2021

Aim: this study aimed to assess the association between grip strength and glucose regulation in a cross-sectional setting.Methods: using data from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, 924 men and 953 women were studied at a mean age of 61.6 years. Grip strength was assessed in the dominant hand using a Newtest Grip Force dynamometer. A standard 2-h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was used to define glucose regulation. The participants were classified into four groups: normoglycaemia, prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance), newly diagnosed diabetes and previously known diabetes. The association between grip strength and glucose regulation was assessed using …

Glucose regulation and pain in older people-The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

2021

Aims: To assess if individuals with diabetes or prediabetes report more pain or have increased use of pain medication compared to normoglycaemic individuals. Methods: Using cross-sectional data, we studied 928 men and 1075 women from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study in 2001-2004 at a mean age of 61.5 years. Glucose regulation was assessed with a 2-h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, and applying World Health Organization criteria, participants were defined as having normoglycaemia, prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance), newly diagnosed diabetes or previously diagnosed diabetes. Self-reported pain intensity and interference during the previous 4 weeks was estima…

Colera

2013

Colonizzazione da batteri Gram negativi multi-resistenti in pazienti pediatrici

2017

INTRODUZIONE: La diffusione della resistenza batterica in ospedale e in comunità costituisce un serio motivo di allarme anche nella popolazione pediatrica. Recenti studi hanno dimostrato come le infezioni sostenute da batteri gram-negativi multiresistenti (MDRGN) oggi si presentino sempre più frequentemente anche in comunità, e come più del 15% dei bambini siano colonizzati da MDRGN al momento del ricovero in ospedale. L’introduzione di questi microrganismi in comunità rappresenta un serio fattore di rischio per lo sviluppo di infezioni difficilmente trattabili. Il nostro studio ha indagato la presenza di batteri MDRGN nella popolazione microbica intestinale di bambini ricoverati con sintom…

Análisis de aguas residuales con fines epidemiológicos: aplicaciones a la estimación del consumo de sustancias de abuso y en salud pública en general…

2018

[ES] En este artículo se presenta la metodología de análisis de aguas residuales con fines epidemiológicos (wastewater-based epidemiology, WBE) y su potencial para abordar diversos aspectos relacionados con la salud pública. Esta metodología permite obtener datos a una escala temporal y espacial relativamente pequeña (típicamente datos diarios-semanales sobre un municipio) de hábitos de consumo de sustancias de abuso, ilegales (como la cocaína o el cannabis) o legales (como el alcohol) a través de la determinación de biomarcadores de consumo (el compuesto original no metabolizado o alguno de sus metabolitos) en el agua residual. Aparte de discutir los fundamentos, ventajas y limitaciones de…

The epidemiology of anabolic-androgenic steroids use among secondary students (Valencia-Spain)

2019

The consumption of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) is continuously growing in recent years among young people. The purpose of the current study was to examine the proportion of students who reported AAS use, explore other drug use among them and finally to determine the sociodemographic profile of the AAS consumption amongst a sample of students in the Valencian Region (Spain). Method. Data was taken from a self-administrated survey of a representative sample of 1,1162 Valencian students. A total of 252 schools participated in the study. Results. The findings show that 3.3% of surveyed students reported that they had consumed AAS. Males reported to take anabolic more frequently than fema…