Search results for "epidemiologic"

Serological Evidence for Multiple Strains of Canine Norovirus in the UK Dog Population

2013

International audience; Noroviruses are associated with intestinal disease in humans, cows, pigs, mice, and, more recently, dogs. In 2007, the first canine norovirus (CNV) was identified and characterized in Italy. Subsequent studies have identified CNV in stools of dogs from Portugal, Greece, and the United States. To investigate the prevalence of CNV in the UK dog population, 228 canine stool samples were screened for CNV by qPCR, and 396 serum samples were screened for anti-CNV antibodies. qPCR of RNA extracted from canine stool samples did not reveal any CNV-positive samples, based on samples collected from diarrhoeic and control dogs in 2012-2013. CNV virus-like particles to three diff…

Data quality of 5 years of central norovirus outbreak reporting in the European Network for food-borne viruses

2008

ABSTRACT Background The food-borne viruses in Europe (FBVE) network database was established in 1999 to monitor trends in outbreaks of gastroenteritisdue to noroviruses (NoVs), to identify major transmission routes of NoV infections within and between participating countries and to detectdiffuse international food-borne outbreaks.Methods We reviewed the total of 9430 NoVoutbreak reports from 13 countries with date of onset between 1 January 2002 and 1 January2007 for representativeness, completeness and timeliness against these objectives.Results Rates of reporting ranged from a yearly average of 1.8 in 2003 to 11.6 in 2006. Completeness of reporting of an agreed minimumdataset improved ove…

Application of Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Tracking Human Exposure to Deoxynivalenol and Enniatins

2022

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a promising biomonitoring approach with the potential to provide direct information on human intake and exposure to food contaminants and environmental chemicals. The aim of this study was to apply WBE while employing the normalization method for exploring human exposure to selected mycotoxins according to population biomarker 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). This type of normalization technique has been previously used to detect various other compounds. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study tracking human exposure to mycotoxins. A sensitive analytical methodology was developed to achieve reliable quantification of deoxyniv…

Wastewater-based epidemiology for early warning of SARS-COV-2 circulation: A pilot study conducted in Sicily, Italy

2022

There is increasing evidence of the use of wastewater-based epidemiology to integrate conventional monitoring assessing disease symptoms and signs of viruses in a specific territory. We present the results of SARS-CoV-2 environmental surveillance activity in wastewater samples collected between September 2020 and July 2021 in 9 wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) located in central and western Sicily, serving over 570,000 residents. The presence of SARS-CoV-2, determined in 206 wastewater samples using RT-qPCR assays, was correlated with the notified and geo-referenced cases on the areas served by the WTPs in the same study period. Overall, 51% of wastewater samples were positive. Samples we…

First nation-wide estimation of tobacco consumption in Spain using wastewater-based epidemiology

2020

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has become a very useful tool to monitor a population's drug consumption or exposure to environmental and food contaminants. In this work, WBE has been applied to estimate tobacco consumption in seven Spanish regions. To this end, 24 h composite wastewater samples were taken daily for one week in 17 wastewater treatment plants, covering altogether a population of ca. 6 million inhabitants. The samples were treated by enzymatic deconjugation and the wastewater content of two human-specific nicotine metabolites (namely, cotinine and trans-3′-hydroxycotinine) was measured to estimate the daily consumption of nicotine. The population-weighted average nicotine…

Efficacy and safety assessment of azithromycin 1.5% eye drops (azyter) in peri-operative antibio-prophylaxis for cataract surgery

2009

International audience; Introduction: Background: Endophthalmitis is still one of the most fearsome complications of cataract surgery. The most important pathogens causing post-operative phacoemulsification endophthalmitis are staphylococci. Methods: 85 patients were included in a phase II pilot study. Patients were divided in three groups, group 1 and 3 received either azithromycin 1.5% eye drops or placebo eye drops one day before surgery and for 2 days after surgery and group 2 received azithromycin 1.5% eye drops for 3 days after surgery. Treatments were administered twice a day: one drop in the morning and one in the evening. Bacterial samples were collected three times from the conjun…

Factors of good visual outcome in acute post-cataract endophthalmitis (friends group)

2009

International audience; Purpose: To analyze initial clinical factors of good visual outcome in patients with acute endophthalmitis following cataract surgery. Methods: A prospective study was performed in 4 University hospital (Dijon, Grenoble, Lyon, Saint-Etienne, FRIENDS group) on 100 patients with acute post-cataract endophthalmitis. Factors related to cataract surgery (complications), the initial presentation and the microbiological identification were analyzed according to the final visual outcome using univariate and multivariate analysis (SPSS 12.0). Results: 46% out of the patients had a final visual acuity less than or equal to 0.3 logMar (good visual outcome) at 6 months while 10%…

Sicurezza alimentare degli alimenti in polvere per la prima infanzia: indagine epidemiologica, microbiologica ed ambientale e sviluppo di linee guida…

2011

Prevalence and factors associated with circadian blood pressure patterns in hypertensive patients.

2009

Comment in Timing of antihypertensive therapy and circadian blood pressure pattern. [Hypertension. 2009] Timing of antihypertensive therapy and circadian blood pressure pattern. Almirall J, Martínez-Ocaña JC, Comas L. Hypertension. 2009 Jun; 53(6):e41; author reply e42. Epub 2009 May 4. Dipping comes of age: the importance of nocturnal blood pressure. [Hypertension. 2009]. Dipping comes of age: the importance of nocturnal blood pressure. O'Brien E. Hypertension. 2009 Mar; 53(3):446-7. Epub 2009 Jan 26.Nondipping in patients with hypertension. [Hypertension. 2009] Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring has become useful in the diagnosis and management of hypertensive individuals. In addit…

Thirty Years of Epidemiological Studies of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Latvia: Why are they Needed?

2020

Abstract The present review is designed to provide insight into population-based investigations of cardiovascular risk factors in Latvia. Most of them represent urban, rural and mixed populations. The results are age-standardised using the European Standard Population. All of the studies confirm a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors with wide differences across the studies. The differences are not consistent or regular and some of the underlying reasons are discussed. Analysis of the previous studies justifies the need for a nationwide cross-sectional epidemiological study, which in a small country can be carried out in compliance with all the requirements for a population-based …