Search results for "epression"

Escitalopram for the prevention of peginterferon-alpha2a-associated depression in hepatitis C virus-infected patients without previous psychiatric di…

2012

BACKGROUND: Depression is a major complication during treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). It is unclear whether antidepressants can prevent IFN-induced depression in patients without psychiatric risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether preemptive antidepressant treatment with escitalopram can decrease the incidence or severity of depression associated with pegylated IFN-alpha in HCV-infected patients without a history of psychiatric disorders. DESIGN: Randomized, multicenter, double-blind, prospective, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00136318) SETTING: 10 university and 11 academic…

Acetyl-L-Carnitine Supplementation and the Treatment of Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

2017

Objective: Deficiency of acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) seems to play a role in the risk of developing depression, indicating a dysregulation of fatty acid transport across the inner membrane of mitochondria. However, data about ALC supplementation in humans are limited. We thus conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the effect of ALC on depressive symptoms across randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: A literature search in major databases, without language restriction, was undertaken from inception until 30 December 2016. Eligible studies were RCTs of ALC alone or in combination with antidepressant medications, with a control group taking placebo/no intervention or…

A systematic review of neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment.

2009

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical concept proposed as an intermediate state between normal aging and dementia. This condition has multiple heterogeneous sources, including clinical presentation, etiology, and prognosis. Recently, the prevalence and associated features of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in MCI have been described. We systematically searched the PubMed database (last accessed on August 31, 2008) for articles on NPS in MCI. Included articles used strict selection criteria, and outcome variables were extracted in duplicate; of the 27 articles included, 14 (52%) used prospective cohorts. The global prevalence of NPS in MCI ranged from 35% to 85%. The most common beha…

Evaluating depressive symptoms and their impact on outcome in schizophrenia applying the Calgary Depression Scale

2010

Schennach-Wolff R, Obermeier M, Seemuller F, Jager M, Messer T, Laux G, Pfeiffer H, Naber D, Schmidt LG, Gaebel W, Klosterkotter J, Heuser I, Maier W, Lemke MR, Ruther E, Klingberg S, Gastpar M, Moller H-J, Riedel M. Evaluating depressive symptoms and their impact on outcome in schizophrenia applying the Calgary Depression Scale. Objective:  To examine depressive symptoms, their course during treatment, and influence on outcome. Method:  Weekly Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia ratings were performed in 249 inpatients with schizophrenia. Early response was defined as a 20% reduction in the total score of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia from admission to w…

A meta-review of “lifestyle psychiatry”: the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders

2020

There is increasing academic and clinical interest in how "lifestyle factors" traditionally associated with physical health may also relate to mental health and psychological well-being. In response, international and national health bodies are producing guidelines to address health behaviors in the prevention and treatment of mental illness. However, the current evidence for the causal role of lifestyle factors in the onset and prognosis of mental disorders is unclear. We performed a systematic meta-review of the top-tier evidence examining how physical activity, sleep, dietary patterns and tobacco smoking impact on the risk and treatment outcomes across a range of mental disorders. Result…

The hospital anxiety and depression scale questionnaire in physical danger and evaluation situations

1996

In this article we analyze the variables of anxiety and depression in two different situations: a combat situation and taking an exam. We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire with a sample of 621 subjects, divided in four groups, two groups of soldiers, one of them in situation of combat (SBH) and the other one on the military service (CMS). The other two groups were composed of male students (MS) and female students (FS) that were going to take an exam. Results could be organized in two ways: quantitative results, where the more stable subjects are the soldiers in situation of combat (SBH), both in anxiety and in the depression variables. The female students (FS) ob…

Moderate and severe depression

2000

Background: Despite its importance, no distinction between moderate and severe depression using the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) based on a direct comparison with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) is available. Methods: HAMD-17 and MADRS ratings from N=40 at least moderately depressed inpatients with major depression (DSM-III-R) were analyzed. Linear and non-parametric correlations were computed and a MADRS cut-off score for severe depression using an HAMD-17 score of at least 28 points as reference was estimated. Results: HAMD-17 and MADRS mean scores were 24.6±4.3 and 32.6±5.0 points, respectively. Linear correlation of both scores was r=0.70 (P<0.0005). …

The concept of major depression. II. Agreement between six competing operational definitions in 600 psychiatric inpatients.

1991

Six operational definitions of the concept of major depression were submitted to empirical evaluation in 600 psychiatric inpatients. Special attention was given to the comparison of major depression in DSM-III-R and ICD-10. The data base created by a polydiagnostic interview revealed relevant classificatory differences between the six definitions under study. Sources of different diagnostic base rates were: inclusion or omission of anhedonia as an obligatory mood criterion; minimal number of syndrome criteria required for the syndrome diagnosis; different width and reference points of time criteria; exclusion rules for co-existing schizophrenic symptoms and for previous nonaffective and man…

Quality of life in patients with chronic urticaria is differentially impaired and determined by psychiatric comorbidity

2005

Summary Background  Chronic urticaria (CU), one of the most common skin disorders, is characterized by spontaneous recurrent bouts of weals and pruritus and associated with severely impaired quality of life (QoL). Objectives  To determine what aspects of life quality are affected and to characterize the factors that impact on QoL in CU patients. Subjects and methods  This interdisciplinary interview/questionnaire-based study included 100 patients admitted to a University Hospital Dermatology Department for the identification of underlying causes of CU; 96 healthy subjects matched for age and sex were used as controls. QoL was assessed using Skindex-29, a validated instrument to measure the …

2014

Background: Motor imagery is a potential tool to investigate action representation, as it can provide insights into the processes of action planning and preparation. Recent studies suggest that depressed patients present specific impairment in mental rotation. The present study was designed to investigate the influence of unipolar depression on motor imagery ability.Methods: Fourteen right-handed patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for unipolar depression were compared to fourteen matched healthy controls. Imagery ability was accessed by the timing correspondence between executed and imagined movements during a pointing task, involving strong spatiotemporal constraints (speed/accuracy trade of…