Search results for "eps"
showing 10 items of 1777 documents
The Ecology of Hyperparasitoids.
2021
Hyperparasitoids are some of the most diverse members of insect food webs. True hyperparasitoids parasitize the larvae of other parasitoids, reaching these larvae with their ovipositor through the herbivore that hosts the parasitoid larva. During pupation, primary parasitoids also may be attacked by pseudohyperparasitoids that lay their eggs on the parasitoid (pre)pupae. By attacking primary parasitoids, hyperparasitoids may affect herbivore population dynamics, and they have been identified as a major challenge in biological control. Over the past decades, research, especially on aphid- and caterpillar-associated hyperparasitoids, has revealed that hyperparasitoids challenge rules on nutri…
Dewaterability of CAS and MBR Sludge: Effect of Biological Stability and EPS Composition
2018
The dewaterability of sludge from two conventional activated sludge (CAS) and three membrane bioreactor (MBR)-based wastewater treatment plants is investigated prior to and after anaerobic digestion. The concentration and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) mostly affect the dewaterability of all raw sludge samples. Better sludge dewaterability is observed when the concentration of proteins, carbohydrates, uronic acids, and humic acids is below approximately 400, 250, 200, and 40 mg/L, respectively. In contrast, the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) increases in the sludge samples with a higher EPS concentration. The MBR results in a lower EPS production and a uron…
Foaming in membrane bioreactors: Identification of the causes
2012
Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) represent by now a well established alternative for wastewater treatment. Their increasing development is undoubtedly related to the several advantages that such technology is able to guarantee. Nevertheless, this technology is not exempt from operational problems; among them the foaming still represents an "open challenge" of the MBR field, due to the high complexity of phenomenon. Unfortunately, very little work has been done on the foaming in MBRs and further studies are required. Actually, there is not a distinct difference between conventional activated system and MBR: the main difference is that the MBR plants can retain most Extracellular Polymeric Substan…
The role of EPS concentration in MBR foaming: analysis of a submerged pilot plant.
2010
Foaming in Membrane BioReactor (MBR) is a frequently discussed topic. Some authors reported that the phenomenon is due to filamentous organisms, like at Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS) plants. However, in recent years, other authors reported that the Extra-cellular Polymer Substances (EPSs) concentration is an important factor for controlling foam as well. Nevertheless, even if a number of MBR plants are affected by foaming, presently there are no suitable methods to evaluate the phenomenon. To facilitate the study of this controversial phenomenon in an MBR system, certain foam tests proposed in the past for CASPs were investigated. The results of the tests were able to adequately measu…
The role of EPS in the foaming and fouling for a MBR operated in intermittent aeration conditions
2016
Abstract This work investigates the causes of foaming and fouling in an Intermittent Aerated – Membrane BioReactor (IA-MBR) used for wastewater treatment. The experiment was divided into three periods with different aerated regimes expressed with different t aeration /t cycle ratio (Period I: 60 min/180 min, Period II: 80 min/180 min, Period III: 30 min/90 min). The advanced foaming tests used allow the study of the role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) on foaming and fouling. In general, in the Periods I and II, good correlations between the EPSs and the Modified Scum Index without purification (MSI 0 ) and the Foam Power were observed. The results shown that the filamentous mi…
Self-healing, an intrinsic property of biomineralization processes
2013
The sponge siliceous spicules are formed enzymatically via silicatein, in contrast to other siliceous biominerals. Originally, silicatein had been described as a major structural protein of the spicules that has the property to allow a specific deposition of silica onto their surface. More recently, it had been unequivocally demonstrated that silicatein displays a genuine enzyme activity, initiating and maintaining silica biopolycondensation at low precursor concentrations (<2 mM). Even more, as silicatein becomes embedded into the biosilica polymer, formed by the enzyme, it retains its functionality to enable a controlled biosilica deposition. The protection of silicatein through the biosi…
Scalp, basal epidural and intravascular far-field recordings after median nerve stimulation: evidence for a separate N18a potential
2000
Far-field somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) after median nerve stimulation were recorded from scalp- (Fz), epidural- (ED) and intravascular electrodes (basilar artery [Bas]) to study the nature of the controversial N18a component of the widespread N18 potential. In healthy volunteers frequently an N18a potential was recorded at Fz. Simultaneous Fz and ED recordings at the pontomesencephalic junction as well as Bas-recordings at the caudal basilar artery showed N18a components identical in latency and shape. With intravascular recordings the shapes differed between the top of the basilar artery and the caudal artery recordings. These findings support the existence of a separate N18a po…
Clinical and immunological aspects of microRNAs in neonatal sepsis
2022
Abstract Neonatal sepsis constitutes a highly relevant public health challenge and is the most common cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies have demonstrated that during infection epigenetic changes may occur leading to reprogramming of gene expression. Post-transcriptional regulation by short non-coding RNAs (e.g., microRNAs) have recently acquired special relevance because of their role in the regulation of the pathophysiology of sepsis and their potential clinical use as biomarkers. ~22-nucleotide of microRNAs are not only involved in regulating multiple relevant cellular and molecular functions, such as immune cell function and inflammatory response, but have…
Kognitīvās funkcijas normatīvi veseliem bērniem, bērniem ar CSWS sindromu un citiem epilepsijas traucējumiem
2021
Šajā darbā ir apskatītas kognitīvās funkcijas, kurās ietilpst atmiņa, uzmanība, uztvere, vadības funkcijas un valoda, kā arī plašāk apskatīta epilepsija, tās ārstēšana, CSWS sindroms (epilepsija ar nepārtrauktiem smailajiem viļņiem miega laikā), kā arī epilepsijas saistība ar kognitīvajām funkcijām un UDHS (uzmanības deficīta un hiperaktivitātes sindroms). Šī pētījuma mērķis un uzdevums ir izprast un izzināt, vai bērniem ar CSWS sindromu un citiem epilepsijas traucējumiem vizuālās uzmanības, vizuālās un verbālās darba atmiņas, uztveres, vadības un motoro funkciju līmeņi tiek prognozēti zemāki, vai būs izteiktākas uzvedības problēmas, īpaši agresivitāte un hiperaktivitāte, kā arī, vai būs iz…
Disfunzioni sessuali, farmaci antiepilettici e profilo ormonale sierico negli uomini affetti da epilessia
2012
Razionale ed obiettivi: Le disfunzioni sessuali sono un problema relativamente comune nei pazienti di sesso maschile affetti da epilessia, la cui.prevalenza varia dal 38-71%. La loro eziologia non è conosciuta e potrebbe essere multifattoriale; possono essere implicati nella loro genesi sia l’epilessia che l’utilizzo di farmaci antiepilettici (FAE). L’assunzione di farmaci per la terapia dell’epilessia può essere all’origine della presenza di DS e di alterazioni ormonali e riproduttive in questa popolazione di pazienti. Lo scopo dello studio è valutare l’incidenza delle DS negli uomini con epilessia, valutando il tipo di epilessia, la frequenza delle crisi, il tipo di FAE utilizzato, il pro…