Search results for "equality"
showing 10 items of 1338 documents
Inequality in Spain 1973-91: Contribution to a regional database
2001
This paper provides the methodology and results of a database of inequality indices for the fifty provinces and seventeen regions of Spain on the basis of the Household Budget Surveys for the years 1973/74, 1980/81 and 1990/91. The inequality indicators considered are the indices of Gini, Theil (0), Theil (1) and Atkinson (1), as well as the distribution by deciles of the population. These indicators are drawn up for three variables: total income, total expenditure, and exclusively monetary expenditure. The variables are also expressed in terms of households, per capita and per capita equivalent. All are available on the Internet (http://www.ivie.es).
Empirical definition of social types in the analysis of inequality of opportunity: a latent classes approach
2014
The empirical analysis of inequality of opportunity centres on disparities between social types, defined by the exposure to circumstances beyond individual control. Despite this, its main theoretical foundation—the Roemer model—does not indicate how to carry out, in practice, the required partition of the population into such types. This paper operationalises this definition of social types using a latent classes approach. Our specification is embedded in a probabilistic extension of the canonical Roemer model, which assumes that the relevant population consists of a finite number of latent types, from which each individual can be treated as a random draw. This makes possible the use of the…
Can stability of foreign aid agreement reduce global income inequality?
2017
Abstract Global initiatives on debt relief call for increasing foreign aid assistance to alleviate income inequality. But the potential gains from foreign aid policy coordination may be limited by the willing participation of diverse and self-interested donor countries. If stability of the foreign aid agreement does not occur, then aid effectiveness fails. Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of the stability of foreign aid agreement on income redistribution amongst countries. The findings show that stability has positive effects on income mobility from the rich to the poorest countries reducing global income inequality.
The Macroeconomy After Tariffs
2021
AbstractWhat does the macroeconomy look like in the aftermath of tariff changes? This study estimates impulse response functions from local projections using a panel of annual data that spans 151 countries from 1963 to 2014. Tariff increases are associated with persistent, economically and statistically significant declines in domestic output and productivity, as well as higher unemployment and inequality, real exchange rate appreciation, and insignificant changes to the trade balance. Output and productivity impacts are magnified when tariffs rise during expansions and when they are imposed by more advanced or smaller (as opposed to developing or larger) economies; effects are asymmetric, …
Formación en Inclusión y en Igualdad de Género en el Grado de Educación Social en las universidades españolas. Análisis Comparativo
2018
Si se tienen en cuenta las necesidades emergentes en el ámbito educativo, atendiendo a la agenda 2030 aprobada por la UNESCO y la ONU, cabría repasar los currículums formativos de aquellas profesiones ligadas a la educación. Así pues, en el presente estudio comparativo se ha revisado la formación inicial del grado de Educación Social en las universidades españolas con respecto a las asignaturas que tratan, aunque sea de manera parcial, la inclusión y la atención a la diversidad, y la igualdad y la perspectiva de género, aspectos directamente relacionados con algunas de las metas de la Agenda en materia de Educación. Las unidades comparativas han sido la totalidad de universidades que impart…
Efectos del coronavirus en el sistema de enseñanza : aumenta la desigualdad de oportunidades educativas en España.
2020
La pandemia del Coronavirus ha cerrado los centros educativos en España desde mediados de marzo de 2020. No se prevé su apertura en este curso, salvo para exámenes en el Bachillerato y en la Universidad. La enseñanza online, con implantación diferencial por tipo de centros y regiones, sustituye en este período a la enseñanza presencial en los centros escolares. Este modelo educativo telemático incrementa la desigualdad de oportunidades educativas. Pone de manifiesto las carencias materiales de dispositivos electrónicos en los hogares más desfavorecidos, en los hogares de menores rentas y recursos, más aún en los hogares monoparentales, más aún en los hogares con padres de estudios secundari…
Social inequality at school and educational policies
2003
This study looks at the links between school and social inequalities, both the way in which school may cultivate such inequalities, and the educational policies that can play a role in limiting them. The booklet provides what is one of only very few summaries of the plentiful literature devoted to the subject. It reveals the scale and various aspects of social inequalities, and, with reference to sociological research, discusses their origin both within families and in the daily functioning of schools and the classroom. This is followed by a description of educational policies for reducing inequalities in the school careers of children and young people, ranging from classroom-based measures…
Optimization of the domain in elliptic variational inequalities
1988
This paper is concerned with a nonsmooth shape optimization problem for the Signorini unilateral boundary-value problem. The necessary optimality conditions are derived. The results of computations are presented.
Emancipación e igualdad: aspectos sociopolíticos de una experiencia pedagógica
2003
Una vez detallada la nueva constelación de sentido sobre la educación que produce la experiencia pedagógica de Joseph Jacotot llamada "enseñanza universal" y tras caracterizarla en tanto que acontecimiento, el presente texto aborda algunos aspectos sociopolíticos que ahí están presentes. Dicho abordaje utiliza el utillaje conceptual de autores contemporáneos, especialmente Bourdieu, Deleuze y Foucault. Y pretende desgranar la singularidad de la actuación educativa de Jacotot y de su pensamiento sobre la emancipación y la igualdad. De este modo, se presenta un Jacotot cuya postura sobre la educación, la emancipación y la igualdad, a la par que se distanciaba de las creencias dominantes en su…
Inequalities in mortality in small areas of eleven Spanish cities (the multicenter MEDEA project)
2009
The objectives of this study are to identify inequalities in mortality among census tracts of 11 Spanish cities in the period 1996-2003 and to analyse the relationship between these geographical inequalities and socioeconomic deprivation. It is a cross-sectional ecological study where the units of analysis are census tracts. We obtained an index of socioeconomic deprivation and estimated SMR by each census tract using hierarchical Bayesian models which take into account the spatial structure. In the majority of the cities geographical patterns in total mortality were found in both sexes, which were similar to those for the index of socioeconomic deprivation. Among men, four specific causes …