Search results for "equality"
showing 10 items of 1338 documents
Los estereotipos de género en las elecciones y expectativas de estudiantes de Educación Técnica Profesional en Argentina : diferencias regionales y d…
2020
A pesar de que en los últimos años en Argentina se amplió paulatinamente el acceso de estudiantes mujeres a la Educación Técnico Profesional, en la modalidad persisten importantes desigualdades de género. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las motivaciones iniciales y las expectativas futuras de estudiantes que asisten a ofertas de la Educación Técnica Profesional y su relación con la persistencia – o con la transformación – de estereotipos sobre las diferencias de género en el mercado laboral.
 El abordaje metodológico fue cuanti-cualitativo. Los datos fueron construidos a partir de la aplicación de encuestas y la realización de grupos focales con estudiantes varones y m…
The long‐term relationship between economic development and regional inequality: South‐West Europe, 1860–2010
2019
This paper analyses the long‐term relationship between regional inequality and economic development. Our data set includes information on national and regional per capita GDP for four countries: France, Italy, Portugal and Spain, compiled on a decadal basis for the period 1860–2010. Using parametric and semiparametric regressions, our results confirm the rise and fall of regional inequalities over time although in recent decades they are on the rise again. Finally, we identify structural change as being a significant transmission mechanism of the inverted‐U relationship. The arrival of technological shocks, beginning during the onset of industrialization, and the transition from agrarian to…
Promoting Child Development in a Universal Preschool System: A Field Experiment
2019
This study tests an intervention that introduces a structured curriculum for five-year olds into the universal preschool context of Norway. We conduct a field experiment with 691 five-year-olds in 71 preschools and measure treatment impacts on children's development in mathematics, language and executive functioning. Compared to business as usual, the nine-month curriculum intervention has effects on child development at post-intervention and the effects persist one year following the end of the treatment. The effects are entirely driven by the preschool centers identified as low-quality at baseline, suggesting that a structured curriculum can reduce inequality in early childhood learning e…
Effects of unconventional monetary policy on income and wealth distribution: Evidence from United States and Eurozone
2019
As an answer to the “Great Recession” and Zero Lower Bound problem, main central banks had to use unconventional monetary policy (UMP). This research focuses on the distributive effects of these measures on household income and household wealth in the United States of America (USA) and the Eurozone. For this purpose, this paper presents four models that were constructed using the Structural Vector Autoregressive methodology (SVAR). The results suggest that the UMPs applied by the Federal Reserve (FED) in the USA could increase wealth and income inequality through the portfolio channel. However, the same results were not observed in the Eurozone. Key words: United States of America, Eurozone…
Becoming agentic teachers : Experiences of the home group approach as a resource for supporting teacher students' agency
2018
Abstract This study focuses on the experiences of first-year teacher students in a Finnish teacher education department regarding ways in which studying in stable “home groups” supported or restricted their agency. The findings of the interviews with 22 teacher students suggest that perception of home groups as emotionally safe and offering opportunities to break traditional authority relationship supported teacher students' agency, which was manifested in identity negotiations and active participation. Perception of inequality and tensions within home groups restricted students' agency. The findings underline the need for keen awareness of factors affecting teacher students' agency when ap…
Women’s Job Search Competence: A Question of Motivation, Behavior, or Gender
2018
We examined motivation and behaviors in women's active job search in Spain and the gender gap in this process. The current crisis in Spain and the increase in the number of unemployed people have revealed new inequalities that particularly affect women's employability, especially the most vulnerable women. This paper addresses two exploratory studies: the first study analyzes gender differences in the active job search using a sample of 236 Spanish participants; the second study explores the heterogeneity and diversity of unemployed women in a sample of 235 Spanish women. To analyze the active job search, the respondents were invited to write open-ended responses to questions about their jo…
Toward a formalization of a two traders market with information exchange
2014
This paper shows that Hamiltonians and operators can also be put to good use even in contexts which are not purely physics based. Consider the world of finance. The work presented here {models a two traders system with information exchange with the help of four fundamental operators: cash and share operators; a portfolio operator and an operator reflecting the loss of information. An information Hamiltonian is considered and an additional Hamiltonian is presented which reflects the dynamics of selling/buying shares between traders. An important result of the paper is that when the information Hamiltonian is zero, portfolio operators commute with the Hamiltonian and this suggests that the dy…
The effects of monetary policy shocks on inequality
2018
Abstract This paper provides new evidence of the effect of conventional monetary policy shocks on income inequality. We construct a measure of unanticipated changes in policy rates—changes in short-term interest rates that are orthogonal to unexpected changes in growth and inflation news—for a panel of 32 advanced and emerging market countries over the period 1990–2013. Our main finding is that contractionary monetary policy shocks increase income inequality, on average. The effect is asymmetric—tightening of policy raises inequality more than easing lowers it—and depends on the state of the business cycle. We find some evidence that the effect increases with the share of labor income and i…
Inflation shocks and income inequality
2019
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of inflationary shocks on inequality, using data of selected countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Design/methodology/approach Inflationary shocks were measured as deviations from core inflation, based on a genetic algorithm. Bayesian quantile regression was used to estimate the impact of inflationary shocks in different levels of inequality. Findings The results showed that inflationary shocks substantially affect countries with higher levels of inequality, thus suggesting that the detrimental impact of inflation is exacerbated by the high division of classes in a country. Originality/value The study contributes t…
Input-Output Finite-Time Stability of Discrete-Time Impulsive Switched Linear Systems with State Delays
2013
Published version of an article in the journal: Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00034-013-9610-7 This paper is concerned with the problem of input-output finite-time stability (IO-FTS) for discrete impulsive switched systems with state delays. Sufficient conditions are presented for the existence of IO-FTS for such systems under the cases of certain switching, arbitrary switching, and uncertain switching. All the obtained results are formulated in a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.