Search results for "equality"
showing 10 items of 1338 documents
Changing the Corporate Elite? Not so Easy: Female Directorss Appointments Onto Corporate Boards
2013
Scholars have previously investigated country and organizational-level factors associated with the incidence of female directors on boards. These studies, however, cannot explain why, in countries with strong gender equality and pressure for female directorships, firms are still hesitant to promote new women to their boards. To address this issue we – in this study – introduce the cognitive and affective processes related to directors’ identification with the traditional corporate elite as an explanation for the slow organizational response to pressure for gender diversity on boards. We bridge the social identity and critical mass theory to further show how these responses may vary with the…
Germline loss-of-function variants in the BARD1 gene are associated with early-onset familial breast cancer but not ovarian cancer
2019
Background The role of the BARD1 gene in breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) predisposition remains elusive, as published case-control investigations have revealed controversial results. We aimed to assess the role of deleterious BARD1 germline variants in BC/OC predisposition in a sample of 4920 BRCA1/2-negative female BC/OC index patients of the German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (GC-HBOC). Methods A total of 4469 female index patients with BC, 451 index patients with OC, and 2767 geographically matched female control individuals were screened for loss-of-function (LoF) mutations and potentially damaging rare missense variants in BARD1. All patients met the …
Human papillomavirus genotype attribution in invasive cervical cancer: a retrospective cross-sectional worldwide study.
2010
Summary Background Knowledge about the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in invasive cervical cancer is crucial to guide the introduction of prophylactic vaccines. We aimed to provide novel and comprehensive data about the worldwide genotype distribution in patients with invasive cervical cancer. Methods Paraffin-embedded samples of histologically confirmed cases of invasive cervical cancer were collected from 38 countries in Europe, North America, central South America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. Inclusion criteria were a pathological confirmation of a primary invasive cervical cancer of epithelial origin in the tissue sample selected for analysis of HPV DNA, and informa…
Lenalidomide Maintenance After Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: A Meta-Analysis
2017
Purpose Lenalidomide maintenance therapy after autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) demonstrated prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) versus placebo or observation in several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). All studies had PFS as the primary end point, and none were powered for overall survival (OS) as a primary end point. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to better understand the impact of lenalidomide maintenance in this setting. Patients and Methods The meta-analysis was conducted using primary-source patient-level data and documentation from three RCTs (Cancer and Leukemia Group B 100104, Gruppo Italiano Malatti…
Reframing Gender Equality in Finnish Online Discussion on Immigration: Populist Articulations of Religious Minorities and Marginalized Sexualities
2014
Gender equality is an essential part of Finnish self-understanding. The public discussion on equality does not, however, only focus on gender; it is also used to promote antiimmigration-minded, homophobic opinions. In the article, the co-existence of contradictory discourses on gender equality is interpreted as populist rhetoric. The articulations of gender equality in online debates on gender, sexuality, and immigration are analyzed. The main questions are: How is gender equality re-framed in anti-immigration-minded online debate? How are the notions of sexuality and gender fixed in order to oppose immigration? How are gender, sexuality, and immigration articulated intersectionally? The in…
Effect of even and odd-order aberrations on the accommodation response
2017
Aim To investigate the potential effect that odd and even-order monochromatic aberrations may have on the accommodation response of the human eye. Methods Eight healthy subjects with astigmatism below 1 D, best corrected visual acuity 20/20 or better and normal findings in an ophthalmic examination were enrolled. An adaptive optics system was used in order to measure the accommodation response of the subjects' eyes under different conditions: with the natural aberrations being present, and with the odd and even-order aberrations being corrected. Three measurements of accommodation response were monocularly acquired at accommodation demands ranging from 0 to 4 D (0.5 D step). Results The acc…
Validación argentina de la Escala de Orientación a la Dominancia Social
2014
La teoría de la dominancia social expresa el deseo de los individuos por establecer y mantener jerarquías sociales a través de la subordinación de ciertos grupos a otros. Para evaluar las diferencias individuales en este constructo, los autores elaboraron la Escala de Orientación a la Dominancia Social, cuya formulación original presentaba una estructura factorial unidimensional. Sin embargo, trabajos posteriores han señalado la presencia de una estructura bifactorial para el estudio del constructo, compuesta por la oposición a la igualdad y la dominancia grupal. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo principal la adaptación y validación de la Escala de Orientación a la Dominancia Social, p…
On State Constrained Optimal Shape Design Problems
1987
This paper is concerned with the following optimal design problem with constraints both on the state and on the control: $$MinimizeJ(y,u)$$ (P) subject to $$A\left( u \right)y + \partial \varphi \left( y \right) \mathrel\backepsilon Bu + f,$$ (1.1) $$y \in K,$$ (1.2) $$u \in {U_{ad}}.$$ (1.3)
Optimal design of complex passive-damping systems for vibration control of large structures: An energy-to-peak approach
2014
Published version of an article in the journal: Abstract and Applied Analysis. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/510236 Open Access We present a new design strategy that makes it possible to synthesize decentralized output-feedback controllers by solving two successive optimization problems with linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints. In the initial LMI optimization problem, two auxiliary elements are computed: a standard state-feedback controller, which can be taken as a reference in the performance assessment, and a matrix that facilitates a proper definition of the main LMI optimization problem. Next, by solving the second optimization problem, the …
Contact Shape Optimization
1995
Shape optimization is a branch of the optimal control theory in which the control variable is connected with the geometry of the problem. The aim is to find a shape from an a priori defined class of domains, for wich the corresponding cost functional attains its minimum. Shape optimization of mechanical systems, behaviour of which is described by equations, has been very well analyzed from the mathematical, as well as from the mechanical point of view, see [1], [2], [3] and references therein. The aim of this contribution is to extend results to the case, in which the system is described by the so called variational inequalities. There are two reasons for doing that: 1) The behavior of many…