Search results for "equality"

Static output-feedback control for vehicle suspensions: a single-step linear matrix inequality approach

2013

In this paper, a new strategy to design static output-feedback controllers for a class of vehicle suspension systems is presented. A theoretical background on recent advances in output-feedback control is first provided, which makes possible an effective synthesis of static output-feedback controllers by solving a single linear matrix inequality optimization problem. Next, a simplified model of a quarter-car suspension system is proposed, taking the ride comfort, suspension stroke, road holding ability, and control effort as the main performance criteria in the vehicle suspension design. The new approach is then used to design a static output-feedbackH∞controller that only uses the suspensi…

An Output Feedback Control Design for $$ {\rm H}_\infty $$ Synchronization of Master-Slave Markovian Jump Systems with Time-Varying Delays

2012

In this chapter, an output feedback control proach is proposed for exponential synchronization problem of master slave systems with both discrete and distributed time-varying delays and Markovian switching parameters. Using an appropriate Lyapunov Krasovskii functional, some delay-dependent sufficient conditions and a synchronization law which include the master slave parameters are established for designing a mode-dependent output feedback control law in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The controller guarantees the \( {\rm{H}}_\infty \) synchronization of the two coupled master and slave systems regardless of their initial states. A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness…

2014

This paper is concerned with the problem of general output feedback stabilization for fractional order linear time-invariant (FO-LTI) systems with the fractional commensurate order0<α<2. The objective is to design suitable output feedback controllers that guarantee the stability of the resulting closed-loop systems. Based on the slack variable method and our previous stability criteria, some new results in the form of linear matrix inequality (LMI) are developed to the static and dynamic output feedback controllers synthesis for the FO-LTI system with0<α<1. Furthermore, the results are extended to stabilize the FO-LTI systems with1≤α<2. Finally, robust output feedback control…

The school careers of immigrant's children in France: success and disillusions

2006

06056; This paper will describe the school careers of immigrant children and analyze the patterns of educational inequality in France. It will provide an analysis of immigrant's educational expectations viewed in relation with their children's school careers, taking into account the impact of social, ethnic and geographical origin. In this perspective, we use a rich longitudinal dataset (Ministry of Education 1995 Panel). We point out higher educational expectations among immigrant parents, as compared with native parents of similar social background. High expectations and consistent efforts turn out to be important elements of educational achievement. However some discrepancy appears betwe…

An algorithmic construction of entropies in higher-order nonlinear PDEs

2006

A new approach to the construction of entropies and entropy productions for a large class of nonlinear evolutionary PDEs of even order in one space dimension is presented. The task of proving entropy dissipation is reformulated as a decision problem for polynomial systems. The method is successfully applied to the porous medium equation, the thin film equation and the quantum drift–diffusion model. In all cases, an infinite number of entropy functionals together with the associated entropy productions is derived. Our technique can be extended to higher-order entropies, containing derivatives of the solution, and to several space dimensions. Furthermore, logarithmic Sobolev inequalities can …

Solutions of elliptic equations with a level surface parallel to the boundary: stability of the radial configuration

2016

A positive solution of a homogeneous Dirichlet boundary value problem or initial-value problems for certain elliptic or parabolic equations must be radially symmetric and monotone in the radial direction if just one of its level surfaces is parallel to the boundary of the domain. Here, for the elliptic case, we prove the stability counterpart of that result. We show that if the solution is almost constant on a surface at a fixed distance from the boundary, then the domain is almost radially symmetric, in the sense that is contained in and contains two concentric balls $${B_{{r_e}}}$$ and $${B_{{r_i}}}$$ , with the difference r e -r i (linearly) controlled by a suitable norm of the deviation…

Gender Inequalities and Social Sustainability. Can Modernization Diminish the Gender Gap in Political Knowledge?

2020

The gender gap in political knowledge is a classical problem of Western democracies. In the 21st century, political knowledge is still unequally distributed between men and women, as many cross-section studies have shown. This is an indicator of women’s disempowerment and the distance which remains to be covered to achieve an inclusive and sustainable society. Could public policies and gender equality laws change the situation? Using a longitudinal database in which 600,000 survey responses are analysed from 1996 to 2017, this case study of Spain aims to shed some light on this question. It combines sociological and political approaches in line with the development theory of the gender gap …

Transportation-cost inequality on path spaces with uniform distance

2008

Abstract Let M be a complete Riemannian manifold and μ the distribution of the diffusion process generated by 1 2 ( Δ + Z ) where Z is a C 1 -vector field. When Ric − ∇ Z is bounded below and Z has, for instance, linear growth, the transportation-cost inequality with respect to the uniform distance is established for μ on the path space over M . A simple example is given to show the optimality of the condition.

Global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980-2015 : a systematic analysi…

2016

BACKGROUND: Established in 2000, Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG4) catalysed extraordinary political, financial, and social commitments to reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. At the country level, the pace of progress in improving child survival has varied markedly, highlighting a crucial need to further examine potential drivers of accelerated or slowed decreases in child mortality. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides an analytical framework to comprehensively assess these trends for under-5 mortality, age-specific and cause-specific mortality among children under 5 years, and stillbirths by geography over time. METHODS: Drawing from ana…

Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study…

2014

BACKGROUND: The fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 5) established the goal of a 75% reduction in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR; number of maternal deaths per 100,000 livebirths) between 1990 and 2015. We aimed to measure levels and track trends in maternal mortality, the key causes contributing to maternal death, and timing of maternal death with respect to delivery.METHODS: We used robust statistical methods including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) to analyse a database of data for 7065 site-years and estimate the number of maternal deaths from all causes in 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. We estimated the number of pregnancy-related deaths caused by HIV on the basi…