Search results for "equivalent"
showing 10 items of 308 documents
Assessment of the Usability and Accuracy of Two-Diode Models for Photovoltaic Modules
2017
Many diode-based equivalent circuits for simulating the electrical behaviour of photovoltaic (PV) cells and panels are reported in the scientific literature. Two-diode equivalent circuits, which require more complex procedures to calculate the seven model parameters, are less numerous. The model parameters are generally calculated using the data extracted from the datasheets issued by the PV panel manufactures and adopting simplifying hypotheses and numerical solving techniques. A criterion for rating both the usability and accuracy of two-diode models is proposed in this paper with the aim of supporting researchers and designers, working in the area of PV systems, to select and use a model…
A Criterion for Rating the Usability and Accuracy of the One-Diode Models for Photovoltaic Modules
2016
In selecting a mathematical model for simulating physical behaviours, it is important to reach an acceptable compromise between analytical complexity and achievable precision. With the aim of helping researchers and designers working in the area of photovoltaic systems to make a choice among the numerous diode-based models, a criterion for rating both the usability and accuracy of one-diode models is proposed in this paper. A three-level rating scale, which considers the ease of finding the data used by the analytical procedure, the simplicity of the mathematical tools needed to perform calculations and the accuracy achieved in calculating the current and power, is used. The proposed criter…
Assessment of the Usability and Accuracy of the Simplified One-Diode Models for Photovoltaic Modules
2016
Models for photovoltaic (PV) cells and panels, based on the diode equivalent circuit, have been widely used because they are effective tools for system design. Many authors have presented simplified one-diode models whose three or four parameters are calculated using the data extracted from the datasheets issued by PV panel manufactures and adopting some simplifying hypotheses and numerical solving techniques. Sometimes it may be difficult to make a choice among so many models. To help researchers and designers working in the area of photovoltaic systems in selecting the model that is fit for purpose, a criterion for rating both the usability and accuracy of simplified one-diode models is p…
On the structure of the extra-tropical transition layer from in-situ observations
2012
Abstract. In-situ observations of atmospheric tracers from multiple measurement campaigns over the period 1994–2007 were combined to investigate the Extra-tropical Transition Layer (ExTL) region and the properties of large scale meridional transport. We used potential temperature, equivalent latitude and distance relative to the local dynamical tropopause as vertical coordinates to highlight the behaviour of trace gases in the tropopause region. Vertical coordinates based on constant PV surfaces allowed us to relate the dynamical definition of the tropopause with trace gases distributions and vertical gradients and hence analyse its latitudinal dependence and seasonal variability. Analysis …
Analysis of local shear effects in brick masonry infilled RC frames
2013
Masonry infills panels placed among framed structures meshes have a relevant influence in presence seismic actions in terms of strength stiffness and global displacement capacity. In the case of RC structures, the modifications of internal forces due to infill-frame interaction may be not compatible with surrounding frame members strength especially considering additional shear forces arising at the ends of beams and columns in contact with the panel under lateral actions. Such effects may be in many cases the cause of unexpected brittle collapse mechanisms which compromise the safety of the entire structure. In this paper by means of a double (micromodeling and macromodeling) procedure reg…
Parameter identification of linear induction motor model in extended range of operation by means of input-output data
2012
This paper proposes a technique for the off-line estimation of the electrical parameters of the equivalent circuit of linear induction machines (LIM), taking into consideration the end effects, and focuses on the application of an algorithm based on the minimization of a suitable cost function involving the differences of measured and computed by simulation inductor current components. This method exploits an entire start-up transient of the LIM to estimate all the 4 electrical parameters of the machine (Rs, L s, σ Ls, Tr). It proposes also a set of tests to be made to estimate the variation of the magnetic parameters of the LIM versus the magnetizing current as well as the magnetizing curv…
A proton-translocating H+-ATPase is involved in C6 glial pH regulation.
1998
AbstractGlial cells extrude acid equivalents to maintain pHi. Although four mechanisms have been described so far, pHi-control under physiological conditions is still not sufficiently explained. We therefore investigated whether a H+-translocating ATPase is involved in glial pHi homeostasis using an established glial cell line (C6 glioma). In the absence of bicarbonate, the inhibition of H+-ATPases by NEM led to a pHi decrease. The application of a more specific inhibitor (NBD-Cl) showed that the H+-ATPase involved is of the vacuolar type. Inhibition went along with delayed cell swelling. Together with the fact that glial acidification was far more pronounced in Na+-free media, this may ser…
Statistic moments of the total energy of potential systems and application to equivalent non-linearization
2000
In this paper some properties of the total energy moments of potential systems, subjected to external white noise processes, are shown. Potential systems with a polynomial form of energy-dependent damping have been considered. It is shown that the analytical relations between the statistical moments of the energy associated with such systems can be obtained with the aid of the standard Ito calculus. Furthermore, it is shown that, for the stationary case, these analytical relations are very useful for the application of the equivalent non-linearization technique.
Kramers–Kronig transformation, dc behaviour and steady state response of the Warburg impedance for a disk electrode inlaid in an insulating surface
2002
Abstract As the frequency approaches zero, the impedance described by the Warburg function tends to infinity. This means that the resistance of the equivalent circuit representing the electrochemical process has an infinite resistor and then the current cannot flow through it. This asymptotic behaviour also prevents the application of the Kramers–Kronig transformations, a set of integrals which should be fulfilled by any linear system. Using a more general expression of the impedance for a disk electrode inlaid in an insulating surface developed by Fleischmann and Pons (J. Electroanal. Chem. 250 (1988) 277), the Warburg impedance can be deduced and the Kramers–Kronig transformation is possi…
Solid rotor induction machines for use in electrically-assisted turbochargers
2006
The stator leakage reactance has a major influence on the performance of a solid rotor induction machine. It is larger and it is more difficult to define and calculate than in a cage-rotor machine. When the higher leakage reactance is taken into account, the equivalent circuit model gives predictions of sufficient precision for design purposes. The airgap, normally chosen to be quite small, is preferably quite large by general standards. The torque varies as (V/f) 3 which makes it difficult to provide a wide range of constant power operation in a variable speed application. Slitting the rotor helps to improve the characteristic for variable-speed duties.