Search results for "equivalent"

A macro-modelling approach for the analysis of infilled frame structures considering the effects of openings and vertical loads

2015

During the last decades, several macro-models have been proposed for the modelling of the infill panels' contribution to the lateral strength of frames. Despite all this effort, a robust model, which takes into account the influence of the vertical load, is not yet available. Furthermore, the influence of the very common case of infill walls with openings, such as windows and doors, has been neglected in all the code provisions that have been published so far. In this paper, an updated macro-model, based on the equivalent pin-jointed diagonal compressive strut, is presented. The proposed macro-model is able to represent the stiffening effect of the infill panel with openings by taking into …

Assessment of wastewater treatment plant design for small communities: Environmental and economic aspects

2012

The preliminary design and economic assessment of small wastewater treatment plants (less than 2000 population equivalent) are issues of particular interest since wastewaters from most of these agglomerations are not covered yet. This work aims to assess nine different technologies set-up for the secondary treatment in such type of facilities embracing both economic and environmental parameters. The main novelty of this work is the combination of an innovative environmental decision support system (EDSS) with a pioneer approach based on the inclusion of the environmental benefits derived from wastewater treatment. The integration of methodologies based on cost-benefit analysis tools with th…

Infilled frames: Influence of vertical load on the equivalent diagonal strut model

2008

The influence of masonry infills on framed structures behaviour is a central topic in the seismic design procedures and in the hazard evaluation of existing buildings. Many models use equivalent strut elements in order to represent the infill but among the several parameters influencing the interaction between frame and infill the level of vertical loads is hardly considered. Nevertheless, neglecting this effect may produce inaccuracy because the axial deformations of the loaded columns can produce non-negligible variation in the contact region between infill and surrounding frame, influencing the seismic response of the infilled frame. It can easily been observed that, when this regions ex…

An Updated Model of Equivalent Diagonal Strut for Infill Panels

2009

Simplified equivalent finite element modelling of concrete-filled steel tubular K-joints with and without studs

2022

Concrete Filled Steel Tubular (CFST) K-joints employed for truss structures gained high interest in the last years due to their widespread use in engineering practice. The overall performances of these joints can be efficiently improved by using steel studs welded in the inner surface of the steel chord filled with the concrete, avoiding punching shear failure, and improving the overall strength and ductility. However, a reliable prediction of the structural behavior of the joints is outmost of importance for the assessment of the capacity of new and existing structures, and there are no standardized design methods nowadays. In this paper, the structural performances of CFST K-joints with a…

Un macromodello per telai tamponati sotto carichi laterali ciclici

2009

Il comportamento delle maglie di telaio tamponate è influenzato da numerosi fattori, che rendono problematica la previsione della risposta sotto carichi laterali variabili, a partire dalla difficoltà di selezionare le informazioni fornite dalla sperimentazione per definire parametri utili a un modello di calcolo. I modelli basati sulla definizione di puntoni diagonali equivalenti al tamponamento semplificano il problema purché ci si accontenti di prevedere la risposta del sistema in termini globali, avendo sotto osservazione quali grandezze significative la rigidezza laterale, la resistenza e la duttilità (cap. 3). Tuttavia, tutte le esperienze sperimentali, comprese quelle descritte nel pr…

Calibrazione Sperimentale di un Modello Ciclico per Tamponamenti

2009

La verifica sismica degli edifici in muratura

2008

An improved five-parameter model for photovoltaic modules

2010

This paper presents a new five-parameter model capable of analytically describing the I–V characteristic of a photovoltaic module for each generic condition of operative temperature and solar irradiance. The parameters of the equivalent electrical circuit are extracted by solving a system of equations based on data commonly issued by manufacturers in standard rating conditions with a trial and error process. The procedure, which does not require any special equations solver, can be easily coded into a short software routine using simple languages and finds the solution of the system of equations with the desired accuracy without needing to be guided towards solutions starting from fitted in…

Dynamic response of equivalent orthotropic plate model for stiffened plate: numerical-experimental assessment

2017

Abstract Over the last two decades, homogenization-based modeling techniques have attracted considerable attention. In fact, through these methods, structures such as corrugated or stiffened plates, commonly referred to as structurally orthotropic plates, can be approximately studied as equivalent flat plates with orthotropic behavior. Specifically, these homogenization techniques allow for the direct determination of the equivalent flexural and torsional rigidities which appear in the governing equation for the deflection of the equivalent orthotropic plate. It is worth noting that, the determined equivalent material properties retain the dependence on the geometric parameters of the origi…